Laboratory experiments with whole water-columns from shallow, eutrophic lakes repeatedly showed collapse of the predominant ¢lamentous cyanobacteria. The collapse could be due to viral activity, from the evidence of electron microscopy of infected cyanobacterial cells and observed dynamics of virus-like particles. Burst-size e¡ects on single-host single-virus dynamics was modelled for nutrient-...

While confirming the long held view that “viruses do not closely imitate the use of the [host’s] ... codon catalogue” (Grantham et al., 1986), it is nevertheless considered a “surprising finding” that “despite having the ability to infect the same host, many mycobacteriophages share little or no genetic similarity” (i.e. similarity in their “GC contents and codon utilization patterns;” Esposito...

Ocean viruses are ubiquitous and abundant and play important roles in global biogeochemical cycles by means of their mortality, horizontal gene transfer, and manipulation of host metabolism. However, the obstacles involved in linking viruses to their hosts in a high-throughput manner bottlenecks our ability to understand virus-host interactions in complex communities. We have developed a method...

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human virus (HIV). Among people AIDS, cases COVID-19 have been reported in many countries. (coronavirus disease 2019) severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this manuscript, we are going to present within-host COVID-19/AIDS coinfection model study dynamics and influence between AI...

HIV-1 is the single most important sexually transmitted disease in humans from a global health perspective. Among human lentiviruses, HIV-1 M group has uniquely achieved pandemic levels of human-to-human transmission. The requirement to transmit between hosts likely provides the strongest selective forces on a virus, as without transmission, there can be no new infections within a host populati...

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) initiate infection via binding of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) to sialylated glycans on host cells. HA’s receptor specificity towards individual is well studied and clearly critical for virus infection, but contribution highly heterogeneous complex glycocalyx virus–cell adhesion remains elusive. Here, we use two complementary methods, glycan arrays single-virus force ...

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Only a limited percentage of infected individuals develop disease in response to the virus while the majority remain asymptomatic and HAM/TSP is the most common clinical manifestation of the virus. HAM/TSP is an inflamma...

Uncovering how natural selection and genetic drift shape the evolutionary dynamics of virus populations within their hosts can pave the way to a better understanding of virus emergence. Mathematical models already play a leading role in these studies and are intended to predict future emergences. Here, using high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed the within-host population dynamics of four Pot...

In many host populations, one of the most striking differences among hosts is their age. While parasite prevalence differences in relation to host age are well known, little is known on how host age impacts ecological and evolutionary dynamics of diseases. Using two clones of the water flea Daphnia magna and two clones of its bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa, we examined how host age at expo...