Evolving information and communication technologies (ICTs) have yielded new terms like “information society,” “digital divide,” and “e-readiness” which have attracted many scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. Therefore, in recent years numerous attempts have been done to develop e-readiness and digital divide models oriented toward certain objectives. In this research, these models are in...

THE ENDOTHELIUM, composed of the endothelial monolayer and underlying matrix, constitutes the major regulatory barrier of the vascular system by finely controlling the fluxes of macromolecules across the vessel walls. An increase in the permeability of the endothelial monolayer in the lung has been established as the major cause of acute lung injury (6, 12). It has become progressively clear th...

IN THIS ISSUE, the American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology initiates the publication of a new Theme series of review articles that focus on the pathogenic role of ion channels and transporters in cancer. Ion channels, as an important family of membrane proteins that are highly expressed in virtually all types of cells, not only regulate cell excitability, muscle contraction, and glandula...

An imbalance between the rate of protein synthesis and folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) results in stress that has been increasingly implicated in pancreatic islet -cell apoptosis and diabetes. Because insulin/IGF/Akt signaling has been implicated in -cell survival, we sought to determine whether this pathway is involved in ER stress–induced apoptosis. Mouse insulinoma cells t...

Many microorganisms are known to cause cancer. Some examples are Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastric cancer in humans and animals (6), and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which causes crown gall in plants (37). The use of microorganisms or their products in the treatment of cancer is, however, less widely known, particularly among the readership of the Journal of Bacteriology, as most of these...

Myocardial force generation is initiated on the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and subsequent activation of the contractile apparatus.1 A schematic of the cardiac sarcomere and some of its component proteins is shown in the Figure.2 Contractile activation involves binding calcium to Tn-C, redistribution of the affinity of Tn-I for Tn-C away from Tn-T, and movement of tr...

Increasing numbers of people world-wide develops the disease type 2 diabetes. Development of type 2 diabetes is characterized by a shift from an insulin sensitive state to an insulin resistant state in peripheral insulin responding organs, which originates from the development of insulin resistance in the adipose tissue. Insulin resistance in combination with reduced pancreatic insulin secretio...

Pain is a worldwide clinical problem that causes great suffering for the individual and costs for society. The assessment and evaluation of perceived pain is necessary for diagnosis, choice of treatment, and for the evaluation of treatment efficacy. The assessment of an individual’s pain is a challenge since pain is a subjective, multidimensional experience based on the person’s own self-report...

11. Henry WL, Clark CE, Epstein SE: Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH): The unifying link in the IHSS disease spectrum: Observations regarding its pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and course. Circulation 47: 827, 1973 12. Shah PM, Gramiak R, Kramer DH: Ultrasound localization of left ventricular outflow obstruction in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Circulation 40: 3, 1969 13. Henry WL,...

The concept of reserve stems from the observation that premorbid factors, e.g. education, result in variation in the response to any kind of brain pathology. As subjects with higher reserve tolerate more neuropathology, symptomatic expression of pathology is delayed. It is thus predicted that neuropathology should be more pronounced in those with higher reserve as compared to those with lower a...