The Ovm framework is a set of tools and components for building language runtimes. We present the common intermediate representation of this framework and software design patterns used throughout Ovm. One of the main themes in this work has been to support experimentation with new linguistic constructs and implementation techniques. To this end, Ovm components were designed to be parametric wit...

Writing distributed programs is difficult. To ease this task, we introduce a new programming abstraction. which we call a mobility attribute. Mobility attributes provide a syntax that describes the mobility semantics ofprogram components. Programmers attach mobility attributes to program components to dynamically control the placement ofthese components within the network. Mobility attributes i...

Writing is one of the skills in English. The five components writing that must be grasped are content, organization, vocabulary, mechanics, and grammar. English grammar different from Indonesian Therefore, many students still have difficulty texts by paying attention to aspects writing. Especially grammatical aspect, there errors made students. goals this research find out kinds descriptive eig...

This paper describes techniques to separate a line of unconstrained (written in a natural manner) handwritten text into words. When the writing style is unconstrained, recognition of individual components may be unreliable so they must be grouped together into word hypotheses, before recognition algorithms (which may require dictionaries) can be used. Our system uses original algorithms to dete...

The use of New Information and Communication Technologies, or NICTs, has deeply changed the traditional reading and writing practices. It thus seems necessary to provide a definition of Digital Writing in Instant Messaging (DWIM) to better understand its grammatical, lexical and syntactic characteristics (these two last components define the traditional characteristics of both oral and written ...

The key research question in this small-scale study focuses on the effects that an ICT (information and communications technologies)-based concept mapping intervention has on creativity and writing achievement in 10–11-year-old primary age pupils. The data shows that pupils using a concept mapping intervention significantly improve their NFER nonverbal reasoning age-standardised scores over a c...

Writing comprises writing tools to make documentation. With the advancement of technology, writing instruments have been developed in a phase wise manner and brought changes in ink chemistry. Recipes for formulation of inks have been modified over the years. Ink designed for use in different writing instruments or printing media have quite dissimilar components. There are occasions when documen...

Several studies have revealed the importance of executive functioning processes for school learning. However, research examining which specific executive functions (EFs) can influence written expression is scarce. This work aimed at i) analyzing the relationship between different EF tasks and different writing tasks (writing a narrative text vs. writing an expository text) and ii) studying whic...

Several studies have revealed the importance of executive functioning processes for school learning. However, research examining which specific executive functions (EFs) can influence written expression is scarce. This work aimed at i) analyzing the relationship between different EF tasks and different writing tasks (writing a narrative text vs. writing an expository text) and ii) studying whic...

this study explored the effects of 2 different types of strategies—translatedwriting vs. reading to write—in the writings of some of iranian efl learners inesfahan payamenoor university. the results showed no significant differences inthe students’ writings (in the 2 experimental groups and 1 control group) for thepretest topic. with respect to the posttest, the results, however, indicated that...