Written corrective feedback has been subject to increasing attention in recent years, in part because of the conceptual controversy surrounding it and in part because of its ubiquitous practice. This study takes a meta-analytic approach to synthesizing extant empirical research, including 21 primary studies. Guiding the analysis are two questions: Does written corrective feedback help to improv...

the process that forms during writing is under an important principle and according to abstract form of alphabet and their composition. this principle is called writing system. therefore, writing is accounted an artistic work. cognitive it is important in different dimension view, because of man abstract view point that has led emergence of communication system. this paper for cognitive analysi...

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this study examined the effects of aural and written prompts under two planning conditions (i.e. pre-task planning and no planning) on complexity, accuracy, and fluency of test takers' writing production. forty learners in an english institute, who had already been classified as intermediate according to the oxford placement test, were assigned to two planning conditions (i.e. no planning and p...

background: over 90% of pharmacy students’ work in pharmacies after graduation which needs both knowledge and skill, thus one of the most essential courses of their education is pharmacy clerkship. an important part of an educational program is the evaluation of the trainees. different studies show that conventional written exams are not successful in evaluating the skills of the students and c...

abstract the study aimed at investigating the efficacy of written corrective feedback (cf) in improving iranian efl learners’ grammatical accuracy. it compared the effects of focused and unfocused written cf on the learners’ grammatical accuracy. 75 efl students formed a one control and two experimental groups. the focused feedback group was provided with error correction in tenses. the unfocus...

This quasi-experimental study aimed to compare the effect of different modes and item types of multiple-choice (MC) test items on advanced EFL learners’ listening comprehension and perception. To this end, 80 advanced EFL learners, aging 18 to 30, were selected. The participants took a listening test including dialogue-completion and question and answer multiple-choice items presented in writte...

BACKGROUND Deaf children vary in the use of and proficiency in signed language. The majority of studies on writing skills of children who are deaf did not assess deaf children's proficiency in signed language and/or grouped together deaf children with varying sign language skills. AIMS Adopting a bimodal bilingual perspective, we examined evaluative expression, an important narrative tool in ...