the most important and practical phase of analyzing the linguistic errors of second language learners is to find the solutions to decrease these errors. to that end, the present study examined translation strategy to decrease the number of grammatical and lexical errors of chinese language learners learning persian. twelve chinese language learners were asked to write a text in two stages. firs...

Translation of a literary text is a difficult task, for understanding literature requires knowledge of various linguistic levels of a literary text in addition to strategies and methods of translation. To this should still be added cognitive-based translation training which helps practitioners preserve the aesthetic aspects of a literary text. Focusing on short story as a genre with both ...

The writing in carbonized Herculaneum scrolls, covered and preserved by the pyroclastic events of the Vesuvius in 79 AD, was recently revealed using X-ray phase-contrast tomography, without the need of unrolling the sensitive scrolls. Unfortunately, some of the text is difficult to read due to the interference of the papyrus fibers crossing the written text vertically and horizontally. Recently...

The objective of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is automatic reading of optically sensed document text materials to translate human-readable characters to machinereadable codes. In Optical Character Recognition, the text lines in a document must be segmented properly before recognition. English Character Recognition (CR) has been extensively studied in the last half century and progressed ...

In this paper we present a survey of the literature on Arabic writer identification scheme and up-to date techniques employed in identification. The paper begins with an overview of the various writer identification schemes in Arabic and Persian languages. After that, an attempt is made to describe the complex character of Arabic strokes. Previous studies have used a number of Arabic datasets c...

Much has been written about strategies for writing effective academic articles. For an excellent overview of issues to consider when publishing an academic article, we recommend Malcolm Benson’s article in the April 1994 Forum. Much less has been written about how a focus on the overall structure of the paper can help the reader and editor evaluate ideas and produce more readable articles. We w...

Abstract This study examined the effect of two types of feedback, post-text as a written feedback and recast as an oral one on written grammatical accuracy of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To this end, 45 intermediate students who were studying at Ideal Language Institute in Sari were selected based on their performance on the Nelson proficiency test, and then divided into three groups (tw...