soil samples were collected from seven sites in and around the metropolitan area of mexicocity. the locations were chosen as possible sources of fugitive dusts which contribute to suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere of mexico city. x-ray fluorescence (xrf) was used to determine the concentrations of several major elements (si, k, ca, ti, mn, and fe), as well as of other trace element...

introduction individual x-ray diffraction patterns of biological tissues are obtained via interference of coherent scattering with their electrons. many scientists have distinguished normal and cancerous breast tissue, bone density, and urinary stone types using the x-ray diffraction patterns resulting from coherent scattering. the goal of this study was to introduce an optimized method for obt...

Fullerene nanowhiskers (FNWs) composed of C(60) fullerene molecules were prepared using the liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation (LLIP) method in the carbon-disulfide (CS(2)) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) system. The electron microscopic images reveal the formation of non-tubular FNWs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern studies indicate the presence of fcc crystalline structure and unusual tr...

CheMin is a miniature X-ray diffraction/X-ray fluorescence (XRD/XRF) instrument that is included in the payload of the Mars 2009 Mars Science Laboratory mission. A portable CheMin prototype was built to test the capability of the instrument for remote in-situ mineralogical characterization of geological materials. The instrument was successfully deployed at a variety of Mars analog sites in Dea...

Magnetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (MNHAP) adsorbents were synthesized and were used for the removal of Cd2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solutions. The properties of this magnetic adsorbent were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis system of X-ray (EDAX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, zeta potential, BET surface area measurements and magnetizat...

A reduced grapheme oxide (rGO)/Au hybrid nanocomposite has been synthesized by hydrothermal treatment using graphite and HAuCl₄ as the precursors. Characterization, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, X-ray photoelecton spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicates the formation of rGO/Au. A gas sensor fabricated with rGO/Au nanocomposite was applied for...

in this work, ag-cu nanoparticles (with different percentages of copper, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% cu) were synthesized by wet chemical method. copper(ii) sulfate and silver nitrate were taken as metal precursors, ascorbic acid as reducing agent and anhydride maleic (ma) as a modifier. the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by means of x-ray diffraction (xrd) technique and scanning electron mic...

Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) nanotubes with diameters of 80–100 nm and a wall thickness of 15–20 nm were prepared by sol–gel template technique and using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as sacrificial templates. The coating process of MWCNT with PZT precursor sol and removal of the carbon nanotubes by an interrupt heat treatment were discussed and studied by Raman spectroscopy. Simultaneous t...

Nano-sized crystallites of iron oxide were synthesized by cost effective co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the magnetic nanoparticles were pure Fe3O4 with a spinel structure. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and magnetization measurement of the nanop...