Many invasive plants are threatening the already highly vulnerable habitats of coastal dunes in Europe. Setting priority target species to control is mandatory for an effective planning invasion management strategies at European level. This can be possible after identifying that currently have greater success, consideration their ecological traits and origin. We quantified three main components...

Surfactants are often added to herbicidal formulations improve the delivery of herbicide into plants. In this study a new formulation was formed based on clopyralid with 0.01% gemini surfactant hexanediyl-1,6-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) (16-6-16) as an adjuvant. The increase in efficiency associated formation supramolecular surfactant–herbicide complex (SMC), which has improved wetting p...

in order to investigate the environmental factors including temperature, moisture, and plant hormones on dormancy breaking of seeds of xanthium strumarium l. a number of experiments were conducted. x. strumarium seeds were dormant soon after being harvested. seed germination of cocklebur increased through a combination of cooling, temperature fluctuations following ripening. most seed germinati...