Active, focused involvement with toys has been associated with later cognitive development (Ruff & Rothbart, 1996; Yarrow, Morgan, Jennings, Harmon, & Gaiter, 1982). A deficit in active toy exploration is a sensitive indicator of risk in infants as young as 1 year (Landry & Chapieski, 1988; Ruff, McCarton, Kurtzberg, & Vaughn, 1984). One-year-olds’ focused exploration is greater during interact...

Physiological mechanisms of silver toxicity (as silver nitrate) to the sensitive rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (96 h LC50: 10.2 µg silver l(-1), in soft, low chloride water) and the more tolerant European eel (Anguilla anguilla)(96 h LC50: 34.4 µg silver l(-1), in the same water) were investigated during acute exposure to silver, using concentrations varying from 3 to 22 µg silver l(-1). ...

The maternal and paternal influences on early embryo survival in rainbow trout are not established. The purpose of this study was to determine whether variability in the survival of rainbow trout embryos could be attributed to either the female or male parent. Gametes from individual female and male rainbow trout were used in single pair matings to produce families Ž whose survival was followed...

Animals have varied taurine biosynthesis capability, which was determined by activities of key enzymes including cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSD). However, whether CDO and CSD are differentially regulated across species remains unexplored. In the present study, we examined the regulations of CDO and CSD in rainbow trout and Japanese flounder, the two fish sp...

A set of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) probes, OAT18, OMS1 and OAT24 carrying the (TGG)6, (GGAT)4 and (GACA)6 repeat motifs, respectively, was used to analyze the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci in the genomes of Oncorhyncus mykiss (rainbow trout; family Salmonidae), Oreochromis mossambicus and Oreochromis niloticus (both tilapia belonging to family Cichlidae). Of all the...

Hepatic microsomes and cytosols of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), largemouth bass (Micropterussalmoides), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), hybrid striped bass (M. saxatilis x M. crysops), and bluegill (Lepomis macrochuris) (n=8) were used to study the kinetics of phase I (ECOD, EROD, PROD,...

ALLEN, D. M., W. N. MCFARLAND, F. W. MUNZ, and H. A. Pos-roN. 1973. Changes in the visual pigments of trout. Can. J. Zool. 51: 901-914. The proportions of two visual pigments (rhodopsin and porphyropsin) were examined in four species of trout under experimental and natural conditions. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), rainbow trout (Santo gairdneri), and brown trout (Salmo truita) have diffe...

this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of prebiotic short saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall (ycw) on growth , nutrition and survival rates , blood indices of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied . 600 pieces of salmon with an average weight of (1 ± 20) g 4 treatments and 3 replications (each replication 50 pieces of fish) groups. treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectivel...

Fish type I IFNs are classified into two groups with two (group I) or four (group II) cysteines in the mature peptide and can be further divided into four subgroups, termed IFN-a, -b, -c, and -d. Salmonids possess all four subgroups, whereas other teleost species have one or more but not all groups. In this study, we have discovered two further subgroups (IFN-e and -f) in rainbow trout Oncorhyn...

Hybridization with introduced rainbow trout threatens most native westslope cutthroat trout populations. Understanding the genetic effects of hybridization and introgression requires a large set of high-throughput, diagnostic genetic markers to inform conservation and management. Recently, we identified several thousand candidate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on RAD sequenc...