Many organizations have made substantial progress on solving the year 2000 computer problem while many others lag perilously behind. With the year 2000 deadline looming ever closer, this article examines several key issues including: the nature of the year 2000 problem itself, its potential to do harm, the progress that organizations have made to date on this issue, and factors that have worked...

Does birthright citizenship boost immigrant children’s educational participation and success? We address this question relying on a reform of the German naturalization law in 1999 that entitled children born after January 1, 2000 to birthright citizenship. We isolate the impact of birthright citizenship by comparing children born shortly before and shortly after the cutoff in years of policy ch...

The first attempt by man at classical biological control of an arthropod pest was a spectacular success. The cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Maskell) program in California over the period 1877-1879 was the first scientifically and institutionally backed biological control program. Foreign exploration by Arthur Koebele, resulted in the importation and release of two natural enemies, the v...

We present spectroscopic follow-up observations of galaxies from the Munich Near-Infrared Cluster Survey (MUNICS). MUNICS is a wide-field medium-deep K 0-band-selected survey covering 1 deg2 in the near-infrared K 0 and J passbands, and 0.35 deg2 in I , R, V , and, recently completed, B. The spectroscopic sample comprises observations of objects down to a limit of K 0 17:5 in five survey fields...

The year 2000 problem posed a difficult problem for many IT shops world wide. The most difficult part of the problem was not the actual changes to ensure compliance, but finding and classifying the data fields that represent dates. This is a problem well suited to design recovery. This paper presents an overview of LS/2000, a system that used design recovery to analyze source code for year 2000...

c 0000 American Mathematical Society 1052-1798/00 $1.00 + $.25 per page . We present a method for visualising and quantifying the relationship between a pair of gene and species trees that constructs a third tree termed the reconciled tree. Given a gene tree and a species tree the reconciled tree represents the history of the gene tree embedded within the species tree. The reconciled tree is co...