This article examines the Mu‘tazilite Qādī ‘Abd al-Jabbār’s views on the denotation of miracles according to his own particular methodology. Despite his acceptance of the celebrated method of the theologians in the denotation of miracles with respect to the authenticity of prophets, i.e., resorting to divine wisdom, Qādī ‘Abd al-Jabbār instead proposed the issue within the structure of conven...

We investigate current fluctuations in nondegenerate semiconductors, on length scales intermediate between the elastic and inelastic mean free paths. We present an exact solution of the nonlinear kinetic equations in the regime of space-charge limited conduction, without resorting to the drift approximation of previous work. By including the effects of a finite voltage and carrier density in th...

Ammonium O,O′-dicyclopentylphosphorodithioate (dcpdtp) has been synthesized from phosphorus pentasulphide and cyclopentanol in the presence of ammonia gas. Its complexes, I=[Ni(dcpdtp)2] and II= [Ni(bp)2(dcpdtp)2] (bp=4benzylpiperidine), have been synthesized and their structures characterized by using UV-vis, IR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements and X-ray single crystal struct...

– We study a mesoscopic superconducting ring threaded by a magnetic flux when the single particle level spacing is not negligible. It is shown that, for a superconducting ring with even parity, the behavior of persistent current is equivalent to what is expected in a bulk superconducting ring. On the other hand, we find that a ring with odd parity shows anomalous behavior such as fluxoid quanti...

Until recently, 32 Middle Persian inscriptions documenting the construction of Derbent defensive complex and dating from very end 560s. AD were known. Now has been replenished with two more - No. 33 34, opened by authors in 2016 2021, respectively. Inscription is located between towers 18 19 northern city wall central part curtain, at a height 1.5 m. It poor preservation. But, nevertheless, its...

The coherent radiation emitted by a laser has a noise spectral density P equal to the time-averaged photocurrent Ī. This noise is called photon shot noise, by analogy with electronic shot noise in vacuum tubes. If the radiation is passed through an amplifying medium, P increases more than Ī because of the excess noise due to spontaneous emission [1]. For an ideal linear amplifier, the (squared)...

The acid catalyzed esterification of 2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid (1) in the presence of absolute ethanol afforded ethyl 2, 6-dimethoxybenzoate (2). The structure of the resulting compound was supported by spectroscopic data and unambiguously confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The title compound crystallized in the triclinic space group P ī with unit cell parameters a = 8.5518(...