The introduction of TNF inhibitors more than a decade ago marked the beginning of an exciting era in the management of RA. Despite the development of biologics with alternative modes of action, TNF inhibitors remain today the most widely prescribed class of biologics for RA. However, tuberculosis (TB) is a major safety concern with TNF inhibitors. The risk of active TB is increased up to 56-fol...

This report was prepared from shipboard files by scientists who participated in the cruise. The report was assembled under time constraints and does not contain all works and findings that will appear in the DISCLAIMER Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Scien...

Hubble Space Telescope images of the core-collapse supernova remnant Cassiopeia A are used to identify highvelocity knots of ejecta located outside the remnant’s main emission shell of expanding debris. These ejecta fragments are found near or ahead of the remnant’s forward shock front and mostly lie from 12000 to 30000 in radial distance from the remnant’s center of expansion. Filter flux rati...

The aim of this study was to further characterize the expression and function of human CYP2B6 in a recently generated CYP2A13/ 2B6/2F1-transgenic (TG) mouse model, in which CYP2B6 is expressed selectively in the liver. The inducibility of CYP2B6 by phenobarbital (PB) and dexamethasone (DEX), known inducers of CYP2B6 in human liver, was examined in the TG mice, as well as in TG/Cyp2abfgs-null (o...

1a,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] concentrations are regulated by renal CYP27B1 for synthesis and CYP24A1 for degradation. Published plasma and tissue 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations andmRNA fold change expression of Cyp24a1 andCyp27b1 following repetitive i.p. injections to C57BL/6 mice (2.5 mg 3 kg every 2 days for 4 doses) were fitted with a minimal and full physiologically-based pharmacoki...