Backgrounds: Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been incriminated as a primary pathogen related to acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. Three major antigenic variants of CPV (CPV-2a/2b/2c) have so far been identified. Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the frequency of CPV-2 and its variants (CPV-2a/2b/2c) in a population of healthy and diarrheic dogs in the north west of Iran. Meth...

parechoviruses form one of the nine genera in the picornaviridae family, and include two human pathogens: human parechovirus type1 and 2 (hpev1 and hpev2). the genome of picornaviruses encodes a single polyprotein, which undergoes a cleavage cascade performed by virus encoded proteases to give the final virus proteins. the primary cleavage occurs by 2a protein and this step is critical for vira...

background most thalassemic patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection do not respond to therapy with pegylated interferon (peg-ifn) plus ribavirin (rbv) due to hepatic siderosis and rbv dose reduction caused by rbv-induced anemia. objectives in the present study, we recruited hcv genotype 1-infected thalassemic patients who had relapsed after a 48-week treatment with peg-ifn plus ...

To locate the genes controlling adaptability in bread wheat using AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) model, twenty-one substitution lines derived from the parents Chinese Spring (recipient) and Chayan (donor) were used in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three different environments in the Agricultural College of Razi University, Kermanshah, ...

Background and Aims: The cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) plays a curial role in phase I metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to their ultimate biologically active intermediates that have potential reproductive toxicity in men. Reproductive functions in men may be impaired by many environmental, physiologic, and genetic factors. The majority of the environmental factors are xenobiotics. M...

reactions of 1 ,zdihydropyridines (la-c) and 1,4-dihydropyridines (2a-c) in the presence of benzyne (3) under thermal conditions, and in the case of (2c) under photochemical conditions, have been investigated. benzyne acts as an oxidizing agent to convert dihydropyridine (la) and (2a) to the corresponding pyridine (4) or adds as a dienophile to (lb-c).

background: canine parvovirus (cpv) infection is one ofthe most common causes of infectious gastroenteritis in dogs andis a highly contagious, often fatal disease. the original virus(cpv type 2) has had some mutations since its emergence andnew variants (cpv-2a, 2b and 2c) have been reported from manycountries all around the world. early diagnosis and treatment canprofoundly affect the disease ...

background egypt has one of the highest (16-8%) prevalence rates of hcv infection in the world. approximately 90% of egyptian hcv isolates belong to a single subtype (4a), which responds less successfully to interferon therapy than other subtypes. studies comparing the efficacy and safety of pegifn alfa-2a and pegifn alfa-2b in treatment-naive hcv-infected patients have shown conflicting result...