We report the complete genomic sequence of A/equine/Heilongjiang/1/2010, a strain of Florida sublineage clade 2 of H3N8 subtype equine influenza virus (EIV) isolated in northern China. This is the first announcement of a complete genomic sequence of EIV of such a clade in China.

Avian (AIV) and equine influenza virus (EIV) have been repeatedly shown to circulate among Mongolia's migrating birds or domestic horses. In 2009, 439 Mongolian adults, many with occupational exposure to animals, were enrolled in a prospective cohort study of zoonotic influenza transmission. Sera were drawn upon enrollment and again at 12 and 24 months. Participants were contacted monthly for 2...

Vegetation of ephemeral wetlands (class Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea) was studied in the Czech Republic and Slovakia using a formalised classifi cation approach. We analysed a set of phytosociological relevés recorded in the study region comprising 17583 relevés of wetlands and some types of ruderal vegetation. Formal defi nitions of particular associations were completed using a dataset of 1580 relevé...

This paper proposes measures of systematic skewness and systematic kurtosis as symmetric measures of risk by extending the work of Kraus and Litzenberg (1976). We examine an asset pricing model that incorporates systematic skewness and systematic kurtosis to test the cross section of asset returns within the context of the Fama and MacBeth (1973) two-pass estimation methodology. However, this e...

This paper advocates a new subspace system identification algorithm for the errorsin-variables (EIV) state space model via the EM algorithm. To initialize the EM algorithm an initial estimate is obtained by the errors-in-variables subspace system identification method: EIV-MOESP (Chou et al. [1997]) and EIV-N4SID (Gustafsson [2001]). The EM algorithm is an algorithm to compute the maximum value...

Identification of autoregressive models with exogenous input (ARX) is a classical problem in system identification. This article considers the errors-in-variables (EIV) ARX model identification problem, where measurements are also corrupted noise. The recently proposed Dynamic Iterative Principal Components Analysis (DIPCA) technique solves EIV but only applicable to white measurement errors. W...

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are common pathogens of birds that occasionally establish endemic infections in mammals. The processes and mechanisms that result in IAV mammalian adaptation are poorly understood. The viral nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein counteracts the interferon (IFN) response, a central component of the host species barrier. We characterized the NS1 proteins of equine influenza vir...

Influenza A viruses circulate in a wide range of animals. H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) is an avian-origin virus that has established in dogs as canine influenza virus (CIV) and has also been isolated from camels and pigs. Previous work suggests that mutations acquired during EIV evolution might have played a role in CIV emergence. Given the potential role of pigs as a source of human infec...

Contents Preface v Chapter 1. Introduction and historic overview 1 1.1. Classical regression 1 1.2. Errors-in-variables (EIV) model 3 1.3. Geometric fit 5 1.4. Solving a general EIV problem 8 1.5. Non-linear nature of the 'linear' EIV 11 1.6. Statistical properties of the orthogonal fit 13 1.7. Relation to total least squares (TLS) 15 1.8. Nonlinear models 16 1.9. Notation and preliminaries 17 ...

During 2007, large outbreaks of equine influenza (EI) caused by Florida sublineage Clade 1 viruses affected horse populations in Japan and Australia. The likely protection that would be provided by two modern vaccines commercially available in the European Union (an ISCOM-based and a canarypox-based vaccine) at the time of the outbreaks was determined. Vaccinated ponies were challenged with a r...