A new pyrrolidine alkaloid named (Z)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one was isolated from the ethanol extract of the root barks of Orixa japonica. The structure of the new alkaloid was elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS analysis. The compound exhibited larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (LC50 = 232.09 μg/mL), Anopheles sin...

Fresh water prawns, Macrobrachium lamarrei and Macrobrachium dayanum (Crustacea-Decapoda) were subjected to static bioassay tests to ascertain the LC50 values of copper sulphate. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr LC50 values of copper sulphate for M. lamarrei were 0.38, 0.361, 0.343 and 0.300 mg/l and for M. dayanum were 1.634, 0.988, 0.532 and 0.418 mg/l respectively. Behavioral responses and LC50 valu...

Eleven bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBIQ) alkaloids were studied for in vitro trypanocidal activity against trypomastigote forms of the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. The inhibitory activity of these compounds against trypanothione reductase (TR), a target enzyme for chemotherapy against Chagas disease, was also studied. Six BBIQ alkaloids (antioquine, cepharanthine, daphnoline, limacine, cycleanine ...

Effect concentrations in fish LC50 tests with directly acting electrophiles are lower than those of unreactive chemicals that act by narcosis. LC50 values of more hydrophobic reactive chemicals tend to approach those of unreactive chemicals. Quantitative studies to correlate fish LC50 data to physical-chemical properties indicate that LC50 values of reactive chemicals depend on hydrophobicity a...

In acute toxicity (96 hr) experiment the fingerlings of freshwater fish Labeo rohita was exposed to tannery, electroplating and textile mill effluents. The LC0 and LC50 concentrations were 15% and 20% for tannery effluents, 3% and 6% for electroplating effluents and 18% and 22% for textile mill effluents respectively. It was found that, electroplating effluent was more toxic than tannery and te...

Ethanol extracts of 20 plant species (Euphorbiaceae) were assessed for nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. Out of these, four extracts: Croton tiglium, Euphorbia fischeriana, Leptopus chinensis and Ricinus communis caused 100% mortalities of the root-knot nematode at 1000 μg/ml for 72 h. The ethanol extract of E. fischeriana ex...

The larvicidal activities to determine the efficacies of acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol dried leaf extracts of Annona squamosa, Cynodon dactylon, Melia azedarach and root extract of Hemidesmus indicus tested against 3 instar Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. The highest larvae mortality was found in the acetone followed by ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol extract of...