Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most difficult and intractable tasks for pain management, which is associated with spinal 'neuron-astrocytic' activation. The activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL2) signaling pathway has been reported to be critical for neuropathic pain. Rolipram (ROL), a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, possesses potent a...

Die rol van professionele verenigings in die ontwikkeling van die verpleegberoep word bespreek. Eerstens word die drie hoofkomponente van die onderwerp, naamlik rol, ontwikkeling en professionele verenigings gedefinieer. Daarna deel die skrywer met die leser hoe sy ’n model vir verpleegstersverenigings ontwikkel het. Die uiteindelike model, die dinamiese verbruiker-inhoud-model maak voorsiening...

The potent antimalarial drug artemisinin has a high cost, since its only viable source to date is Artemisia annua (0.01-0.8% DW). There is therefore an urgent need to design new strategies to increase its production or to find alternative sources. In the current study, Artemisia carvifolia Buch was selected with the aim of detecting artemisinin and then enhancing the production of the target co...

The rfb region of Shigella flexneri encodes the proteins required to synthesize the O-antigen component of its cell surface lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We have previously reported that a region adjacent to rfb was involved in regulating the length distribution of the O-antigen polysaccharide chains (D. F. Macpherson et al., Mol. Microbiol. 5:1491-1499, 1991). The gene responsible has been identi...

Met die hoë voorkoms van kanker is daar ’n wêreldwye gebrek aan mannekrag vir kankersorg en nogtans word die verpleegkundige onderbenut ten opsigte van haar moontlike rol in die bestriding en behandeling van kanker. Die UICC het besef dat ’n internasionale inset nodig was om gesondheidsowerhede, kankerverenigings, geneeshere en verpleegkundiges bewus te maak van die verpleegkundige se rol in ka...

Previous work has indicated that inbred mouse strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2 produce red cells differing in their sensitivity to osmotic lysis and that the trait is under multigene control. A recombinant inbred strain (BXD-31), produced from C57BL/6 and DBA/2, has red cells manifesting resistance to osmotic lysis far greater than that of either progenitor. We demonstrate here that the fragility diff...

Hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of radial oxygen loss (ROL) and external aeration on iron (Fe) plaque formation, and arsenic (As) accumulation and speciation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The data showed that there were significant correlations between ROL and Fe concentrations in Fe plaque produced on different genotypes of rice. There were also significant differe...

Recent genetic analyses have revealed an important association of the gene encoding the P/Q-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel alpha(1A) subunit with hereditary neurological disorders. We have identified the ataxic mouse mutation, rolling Nagoya (tg(rol)), in the alpha(1A) gene that leads to a charge-neutralizing arginine-to-glycine substitution at position 1262 in the voltage sensor-forming...

The ability of animals to cope with an increasing parasite load, in terms of resilience and resistance, may be affected by both nutrient supply and demand. Here, we hypothesized that host nutrition and growth potential interact and influence the ability of mice to cope with different parasite doses. Mice selected for high (ROH) or low (ROL) body weight were fed a low (40 g/kg; LP) or high (230 ...

BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest that retinoids (retinol-ROL or vitamin A, and its active metabolites, retinoic acids-RAs) play important pathogenic roles in HIV infection and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-related events. We previously reported that antiretrovirals alter RAs synthesis in vitro. We hypothesised that in vivo serum retinoid concentrations are affected by bo...