Abstract Hydrophilic polymer coatings on artificial implants generate excellent tribological properties. The friction properties of are affected by salt ion factors. Herein, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to show that superlubricity achieved between poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA)-modified Ti6Al4V and polystyrene (PS) microsphere probe lubricated with monovalent solutions (LiCl, N...