STUDY OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence indicates that routine preoperative diagnostic spirometry (pulmonary function tests [PFTs]) before elective abdominal surgery does not predict individual risk of postoperative pulmonary complications and is overutilized. This economic evaluation estimates potential savings from reduced use of preoperative PFTs. DESIGN Analyses of (1) real costs (resource co...

background: pulmonary function tests (pfts) are used in assessing physiological to clinical status of the respiratory system, which is expressed as a percentage of predicted values. predicted pfts values are varies in different ethnics. predicted pfts values were studied in a sample of iranian children. materials and methods: prediction equations for pfts were derived from urban children in the...

Peatlands are important sinks for atmospheric carbon (C), yet the role of plant functional types (PFTs) for C sequestration under climatic perturbations is still unclear. A plant-removal experiment was used to study the importance of vascular PFTs for the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) during (i.e., resistance) and after (i.e., recovery) an experimental drought. The removal of PFTs caused a d...

در مطالعات زمین‌شناسی و کانی‌شناسی، وجود پوشش‌ گیاهی سالم خشک پیکسل‌های حاوی اطلاعات طیفی اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. بنابراین، بازیابی حد زیرپیکسل، مانند برآورد میزان حضور یک کانی پیکسل از تصاویر سنجش دور ابرطیفی، مسئله‌ای مهم محسوب می‌شود. این پژوهش، روش عمق پیوستار اصلاح‌شدة اثر پوشش (VCCD)، برای کاهش تخمین کانی‌های هدف، با استفاده داده‌های طیف‌سنجی، آزمایشگاهی کانی‌شناسی هایپریون (Hyperion) اصلاح من...

Since the first X-ray structure of Cry3Aa was revealed in 1991, numerous structures of B. thuringiensis toxins have been determined and published. In recent years, functional studies on the mode of action and resistance mechanism have been proposed, which notably promoted the developments of biological insecticides and insect-resistant transgenic crops. With the exploration of known pore-formin...

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are the most common bacterial cytotoxic proteins and are required for virulence in a large number of important pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A and B streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PFTs generally disrupt host cell membranes, but they can have additional effects independent of pore formation....

Ecosystem maps are foundational tools that support multi-disciplinary study design and applications including wildlife habitat assessment, monitoring and Earth-system modeling. Here, we present continuous-field cover maps for tundra plant functional types (PFTs) across ~125,000 km2 of Alaska’s North Slope at 30-m resolution. To develop maps, we collected a field-based training dataset using a p...

BACKGROUND The study objective was to determine differences in the proportion of supranormal pulmonary function tests (PFTs) between active duty (AD) military personnel and a similar non-active duty (non-AD) population. Given the emphasis on cardiovascular fitness in the military, it has been hypothesized that regular exercise in this cohort leads to an increased proportion of supranormal PFTs....

هدف: کبد از حساس‌ترین بافت‌های هدف فشار اکسایشی ناشی تمرین می‌باشد و آمینوترانسفراز‌های کبدی، شاخص‌های حساسی برای تعیین آسیب دیدگی سلول‌های کبدی هستند. پژوهش حاضر با مقایسه تأثیر هشت هفته TRX مقاومتی سنتی بر برخی آنزیم‌های (آسپارتات آمینو ترانسفراز آلانین ترانسفراز) در زنان غیرفعال انجام گرفت.روش ­ها: این که به روش نیمه تجربی شد، 28 دختر میانگین سن41/1±07/21 سال شاخص توده بدن 25/4±52/22 کیلوگرم...