464 0892-6638/93/0007-0464/$01 .50. © FASEB sra4cr In many vertebrates, metabolic enzymes have been directly recruited to an additional structural role as crystalllns in the eye lens. In some species the glycolytic enzyme a.enolase (aENO) attains high concentrations in the lens, as ‘r-ciystallin (WRY). A line of transgenic mice was constructed containing the entire duck aENO/’rCRY gene with 5’a...

What lessons can the study of fundamentalism and the psychology of religion teach the newer field of Radicalization and Involvement in Violent Extremism (RIVE)? Four lessons and an intervention are offered in this article: (1) Religion is a robust human experience and cultural product that adopts a defensive shape when its worldview is threatened. (2) This does not mean that all "fundamentalism...

This article examines theories of practical and strategic constraints that collectively explain why so few terrorist groups in history have crossed (or attempted to cross) the WMD threshold. From this analysis, it becomes clear that a terrorist group's deliberations about WMD can be influenced (positively or negatively) by a variety of factors. Our projections of the future WMD terrorism threat...

P.S. Tappia and N.S. Dhalla (eds.), Phospholipases in Health and Disease, Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease 10, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-0464-8_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Cardiolipin is a key mitochondrial membrane phospholipid involved in the regulation of generation of ATP. Cardiolipin synthesis and remodeling are tightly regulated processes in euka...

As compared with related HLA-identical sibling donors, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with phenotypically HLA ABDR-compatible unrelated donors is associated with increased mortality. This may be due to hidden HLA incompatibilities not detected by conventional typing. We have analyzed 44 unrelated patient-donor pairs who were matched for HLA-A, -B, and -DR by routine tissue typing. Our compre...

Over the past decade, analysts have proposed several frameworks to explain the process of radicalization into violent extremism (RVE). These frameworks are based primarily on rational, conceptual models which are neither guided by theory nor derived from systematic research. This article reviews recent (post-9/11) conceptual models of the radicalization process and recent (post-9/11) empirical ...

This article analyzes a unique branch of terrorism literature—terrorism futures—by academics, think tanks, and governmental agencies published between 2000 and 2012. To this end, it examines over sixty publications that attempt to discern possible futures of terrorism. In general, the track record of forecasting terrorism has not been good. This is particularly true for major changes in the mod...

What can street gangs tell us about radicalization and extremist groups? At first glance, these two groups seem to push the boundaries of comparison. In this article, we examine the important similarities and differences across criminal, deviant, and extremist groups. Drawing from research on street gangs, this article explores issues such as levels of explanation,organizational structure, grou...

Over the past several decades, advances in technology have transformed communications and the ability to acquire, disseminate, and utilize information in a range of environments. Modern societies and their respective militaries have taken advantage of a robust information space through networkcentric systems. Because military and commercial operations have increasingly converged, communication ...