programmed cell death-1 (pd-1) and its ligands, pd-l1 and pd-l2, have been regarded as important immune system regulatory molecules. the aberrant expression of the molecules has been related to several autoimmune disorders. this study is aimed to assess the mrna expression level of pd-1, pd-l1, and pd-l2 molecules in the peripheral blood mononuclear mells (pbmcs) from multiple sclerosis (ms) pa...

background: leishmania is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite, which infects human be­ings when infected sand fly vector takes a blood meal.  most efforts are towards designing an effective vaccine to prevent leishmaniasis. in this way, development of candidate antigen for vaccine has spe­cial im­portant. in this study, we cloned mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase gene of iranian ...

Objectives This study aimed to assess PD-1gene polymorphism in salivary gland tumors in patients referred to Khalili Hospital in Shiraz. Methods This case-control study evaluated 48 patients with salivary gland tumors and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. First, 5cc blood samples were obtained from patients and transferred to vials containing anti-coagulated EDTA. DNA was extracted, a...

The apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) receives the death signal in the intrinsic ormitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Upon the releasing of cytochrome c from theintermembrane space of mitochondria and binding to Apaf-1 molecules, a heptamericapoptosome complex is formed and triggers the downstream cascade of caspases. Here, for thefirst time we present spontaneous mutations and r...

background: the wilm’s tumor gene 1 (wt1) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that is inactivated in a subset of wilm’s tumors. it plays a crucial role in growth, proliferation and development of some embryonic and adult organs. wt1 is expressed as a tumor associated antigen (taa) in various types of solid and hematopoietic malignancies and can be employed as a useful marker for targeted...

introduction genetic background has known to be associated with the outcome of human t cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) type i infection. in the present study we investigate the association between gm-csf gene polymorphisms with the outcome of htlv-i infection. materials and methods we analyzed 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promter region of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating fa...

background: angiogenesis gene therapy has long been sought as a novel alternative treatment for restoring the blood flow and improving the contractile function of the ischemic heart in selected clinical settings. angiogenic fibroblast growth factor-1 (fgf-1) is a promising candidate for developing a promising gene therapy protocol due to its multipotent ability to stimulate endothelial cell (ec...

conclusions the at1r a1166c polymorphism appeared not to be associated with the presence of acs in the population studied. background there are very limited data for iranian populations on the predisposing genetic factors for acute coronary syndrome (acs). results there was no statistical difference in the genotype frequency of patients and healthy subjects with regard to age and gender (p > 0....