The circulating number of natural killer (NK) cells largely changes after an acute bout of physical exercise. Granulysin is a cytolytic granule protein with a broad range of antimicrobial and tumoricidal activities produced and released by human NK cells and cytolytic T lymphocytes. Since NK cells constitutively produce granulysin, most serum granulysin in healthy humans is derived from NK cell...

Exercise-induced proteinuria is a common consequence of physical activity and is caused predominantly by alterations in renal hemodynamics. Although it has been shown that exercise-induced oxidative stress can also contribute to the occurrence of postexercise proteinuria, the sources of reactive oxygen species that promote it are unknown. We investigated the enzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucle...

The effects of endurance training on lactate transport capacity remain controversial. This study examined whether endurance training 1) alters lactate transport capacity, 2) can protect against exhaustive exercise-induced lactate transport alteration, and 3) can modify heart and oxidative muscle monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) content. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into control (C), ...

The 5 -AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a multisubstrate serine/threonine protein kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and functions as an intracellular fuel sensor activated by depletion of high energy phosphate compounds. The α2 isoform is by far the most abundant in skeletal muscle, representing at least 66% of total AMPK activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect...

BACKGROUND Previous studies reported divergent results on nutraceutical actions and free radical scavenging capability of ginseng extracts. Variations in ginsenoside profile of ginseng due to different soil and cultivating season may contribute to the inconsistency. To circumvent this drawback, we assessed the effect of major ginsenoside-Rg1 (Rg1) on skeletal muscle antioxidant defense system a...

Exhaustive exercise results in inflammation and oxidative stress, which can damage tissue. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D has both anti-inflammatory and antiperoxidative activity. Therefore, we aimed to test if vitamin D could reduce the damage caused by exhaustive exercise. Rats were randomized to one of four groups: control, vitamin D, exercise, and vitamin D+exercise. Exercised r...