introduction: we investigated the role of atp-sensitive potassium channels and l-type calcium channels in morphine-induced hyperalgesia after nociceptive sensitization. methods: we used a hotplate apparatus to assess pain behavior in male nmri mice. nociceptive sensitization was induced by three days injection of morphine and five days of drug free. on day 9 of the schedule, pain behavior test ...

effect of foliar spraying by humic acid on mineral leaf composition, yield and fruit quality of apple (malus domestica l. cv. ‘granny smith’) was studied. an experiment based on randomized complete design was conducted in khorramdare city of zanjan province. spraying of humic acid was conducted in four levels 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/l on eight year-old ‘granny smith’ apples grafted on mm106 rootstoc...

The effects of phytohormone Kinetin on cell density, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acids composition the microalgae Tetraselmis suecica were investigated. T. was treated with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/L) at optimal growth conditions (salinity 28 g/L, temperature 25°C, 24 hr photoperiod). Results indicated an increase in density all treatments co...

Tests were conducted to determine the concentrations of copper sulfate needed to kill Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the cause of bacterial coldwater disease, either in vitro or on Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs. For the in vitro test, a plastic strip dipped in a solution of F. psychrophilum was exposed for 15 min to copper sulfate solutions of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 35, 50, 75, or 100 mg/L. B...

in order to find the most effective concentration of 6-banzilamino purine (bap) and cycocel (ccc) on microtuber production of two potato cultivars under tissue culture conditions, a factorial experiment was carried out with randomized compelete design with 4 replications. four levels of bap (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg l-1) and four levels of ccc (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg l-1) were applied on two potato ...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a method to quantitatively assess the effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on tumor vascular activity using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) and to investigate its usefulness using animal experiments. Materials and Methods: The DCE-CT studies were performed in anesthetized Fisher rats bearing tumors using a 4-ro...

Patients with severe burns are susceptible to infection with Gram-positive organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and often require higher antibiotic dosages compared with other patients. This study examined the pharmacokinetics of a single iv dose of teicoplanin (12 mg/kg) in 15 adults and five children with severe burns. Adults were aged 21-82 years with a median tot...

BACKGROUND Although recent consensus guidelines proposed more aggressive vancomycin troughs of >10 or 15-20 mg/L for complicated Staphylococcus aureus infections, dosing information to achieve these targets in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) is scarce. METHODS We used Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) methods with a previously published population-pharmacokinetic model and relevant patient d...