Old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa) forests are uncommon in the Southwest, and only one old growth forest (the Gus Pearson Natural Area [GPNA]) has been researched in the ponderosa pine belt sur rounding the city of Flagstaff in northern Arizona. The purpose of this study was to measure soil characteris tics, current and pre-Euro-American settlement (1885) tree structure, and understory ...

recent experiences on disregarding the environment and continuous development have caused human to conclude that the only way to protect nature in long-term is to pay attention to environmental abilities and limitations. one of the most actions taken in this regard in management and development planning is to determine ecosystem vulnerabilities. in this way, by identifying vulnerable and sensit...

in order to study the effect of elevation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the humid forests of guilan shafaroud, series 17, 16 and 7 were selected that fall in to three height classes; class 1 (‏less than 500 m), class 2 (‏500 – 1000 m) and class 3 (‏1000 – 1600 m). in height class 1, 2 and 3 sample plots were determined as 4, 15 and 20 respectively and each sample plot was 0...

The painting. El Greco's Fable is an enigmatic work of art whose meaning and date of origin have provoked much speculation among art historians. In the center of the painting, a young boy (or perhaps a girl?) is blowing at a fire held with the left hand, trying to revive the flame to light a small candle held in the right hand. To the left, behind the youth, a chained monkey with an intelligent...

Adulticidal and larvicidal performances of a water-based pyrethroid microemulsion Pesguard PS 102 (AI d-allethrin and d-phenothrin, both at 5.0% w/w) and Vectobac 12AS, an aqua-suspension Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.) formulation (AI 1,200 ITU/mg) were assessed against mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus using a Leco ULV Fog Generator Model 1600 ...

Forests are under stress due to variety of climatic and non-climatic factors. Therefore for suitably managing the forests, vulnerability forests needs be understood. The present paper attempts estimate various temperate Western Himalaya climate change by analyzing patterns different taxonomical indices, based on primary data i.e., vegetation data. presents a novel approach assessment field thro...