Using a Digiscan Actimeter, many previous studies have shown that low dose caffeine (6.2525 mg/kg) stimulates locomotion while caffeine in high doses (100 mg/kg) depresses locomotion. This locomotor stimulatory effects induced by caffeine in rodents have been attributed to antagonism of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors while its depressant effects are mediated by the blockade of the A1 receptors....

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selective phosphodiesterase (PDE)3 and PDE4 inhibitors on arachidonate release by alveolar macrophages from sensitized and challenged guinea-pigs. Guinea-pigs were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin administered by aerosol. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 48 h later and the PDE and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) contents ...

BACKGROUND The anti-inflammatory effects of the selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors cilostazol (PDE 3), RO 20-1724 (PDE 4) and sildenafil (PDE 5) were examined in a murine model of allergic asthma. These compounds were used alone and in combination to determine any potential synergism, with dexamethasone included as a positive control. METHODS Control and ovalbumin sensitised Balb/C ...

To examine the effects of chronic type IV phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibition on renal function and renal and mesenteric vascular resistance and blood flow in a sublethal model of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) we used a prospective, randomized, controlled laboratory animal study. Twenty-eight rats had mini-infusion pumps placed to deliver vehicle or PDE4 inhibition with Ro 20-1724 ...

The year 2022 marks the 350th anniversary of birth leader first Ukrainian emigration in Europe, hetman Pylyp Orlyk (1672–1742). main goal this article is to present an analysis a certain manuscript which was read out loud and prepared for publication 1724. It contains fragment diary that wrote during 1720–1732. 1724 one hardest his travels through Turkish-occupied province Thessaloniki, where e...

The ‘Tumult of Toruń’ 1724, which resulted in the sentencing to death mayor and a dozen or so townsmen (the so-called ‘bloodbath’ ‘bloody court’), brought about veritable deluge publications. It has become widely accepted literature that these writings fundamentally impacted development Western public opinion notion eighteenth-century Poland was an intolerant country. In 1767–71, Voltaire place...

The effects of PDE inhibitors on oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity (CS) were studied in mice. Rolipram, Ro 20-1724 and theophylline dose dependently inhibited CS but none caused >53% inhibition. ED(30) values at 24 h before challenge for rolipram, Ro 20-1724 and theophylline were 2.1, 5.4 and 30.4 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Milrinone and SKF 94836 at 30 mg/kg caused a small, but signif...