Descriptions of the flattening (platybasia) of the skull base and the upward displacement(impression) of the basilar and condylar portions of the occipitalbone by the upper cervical spine date to the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Anatomical measurements to display these abnormalities were begun in 1865, but the full clinical significance was not appreciated until Homen's work in 1901. Sub...

We describe a novel method for measuring affective language in historical texts by expanding an affective lexicon and jointly adapting it to prior language stages. We automatically construct a lexicon for word-emotion association of 18th and 19th century German which is then validated against expert ratings. Subsequently, this resource is used to identify distinct emotional patterns and trace l...

This chapter reviews the strange history of social choice, elements of which have been understood for perhaps two thousand years. Isolated thinkers in the 13th, 15th, 18th and 19th centuries made substantial contributions to the field but almost always in ignorance of the work of their predecessors. Social choice was not established as a cumulative field of study until the middle of the 20th ce...

The focus of this study is the Teke fortresses from 18th-19th centuries in Turkmenistan, which have not been extensively studied Turkmen science. Previous work on topic has limited to technical descriptions historical objects by archaeologists. researchers attempt fill gap, using materials latest archaeological research and sources present a general picture issue its significance tribe. An inte...