BACKGROUND Proteinuria, due to impairment of the charge- and/or size selectivity of the glomerular capillary wall (GCW) is the earliest clinical evidence of diabetic nephropathy (DN). To study the pathophysiological differences between patients with DN in type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DN), we compared the patterns of urinary proteins of different size...

background: transforming growth factor-beta 1(tgf-β1) t869c (rs1800470, the same below) gene polymorphism is notably relative with the development of diabetic nephropathy (dn)，and cc/ct genotype diabetic have higher frequency of than tt genotype diabetic. to find out individual risk factors in the two genotypes especially in susceptible genotype could provide more efficient and targeted prevent...

BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents a devastating complication of diabetes. Family clustering, heterogeneity in the onset and progression and results of segregation studies indicate that susceptibility to DN is a complex trait. METHODS Common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the RAGE (receptor of advanced glycation end-products) gene (-429T/C, -374T/A, G82S, 1704G/T, 2184A/G and...

Background: Pseudocholinesterase (PChE) polymorphism has been a subject of several pharmacogenetic studies worldwide. The patients with atypical homozygous genotype do not only have reduced serum cholinesterase activities but also their elimination rate for some pharmacologically potent drugs decrease drastically. This study was designed to evaluate the PChE polymorphism in Mazandaran province ...

  Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of chronic renal disorders and end-stage kidney disease in developed countries. It is the major cause of dialysis and transplantation. Failure in renal function causes wide disorders in the body. Diabetes results in wide range of alterations in the renal tissue. It is believed that early histological changes in diabetic nephropathy are detectabl...

angiotensin i-converting enzyme (ace) gene polymorphism; genotype dd or d allele may be involved with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (dn). we examined the frequency of ace gene polymorphism in 170 patients (85 type 2 diabetes with nephropathy and 85 without it) in tehran, iran. dna was extracted from the white blood cells and the i/d polymorphism of the ...

In this article, we obtain two sets of results. The first set results are for the case bi-disc while second describe in part, which these carry over to general poly-disc. A classification irreducible hermitian holomorphic vector bundles D2, homogeneous with respect Möb×Möb, is obtained assuming that associated representations multiplicity-free. Among ones give rise an operator Cowen-Douglas cla...

Signaling via the pre-T cell receptor (TCR) is required for the proliferative expansion and maturation of CD4 2 CD8 2 double-negative (DN) thymocytes into CD4 1 CD8 1 double-positive (DP) cells and for TCRb allelic exclusion. The adaptor protein SH2 domain–containing leukocyte protein (SLP)-76 has been shown to play a crucial role in thymic development, because thymocytes of SLP-76 2 / 2 mice a...