nigella sativa (n. sativa), which belongs to the botanical family of ranunculaceae, is a widely used medicinal plant all over the world. n. sativa seeds and oil have been used in the treatment of different diseases. various studies on n. sativa have been carried out and a broad spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been established which include antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, ant...

background: use of botulinum toxin is becoming a popular way in treatment of some forms of strabismus.to evaluate the morphological changes in the orbital surface layer muscles of the rabbit eye following a single injection of botulinum toxin.   methods: 10 white dutch rabbits weighing 2–3 kg received either 10 units (group 1; n=5) or 20 units (group 2; n=5) of botulinum toxin into the superior...

objective: the major fusarium toxins found in cereals and cereal-based products that can be harmful to both human and animal health are some trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol (don). methods: a recent scoop project, since toxinogenic fungi are cosmopolitan, mycotoxins are environmental pollutants present in virtually all parts of the world and causing diseases (mycotoxicoses) . this cross-s...

T-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced when Fusarium fungi infect grains, especially oats and wheat. Ingestion of T-2 toxin contaminated grain can cause diarrhea, hemorrhaging, and feed refusal in livestock. Cereal crops infected with mycotoxin-producing fungi form toxin glycosides, sometimes called masked mycotoxins, which are a potential food safety concern because they are not detec...