the study was designed to analyze credit receipt and enterprise performance by small scale agro based enterprises in the niger delta region of nigeria. a multistage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 264 agro based enterprises and 96 agro based enterprises that accessed informal and formal credit respectively. the heckman model was used to examine the factors affecting amount of inform...

This paper examines the development of a credit reporting system in China. We first outline the rationale for having a credit reporting system through reviewing the literature on asymmetric information. We then proceed to discuss how the credit reporting system works in China. First we present a case study of a private credit reporting agency in Chengdu that was established in 2000. This was th...

One of the most significant developments in international credit markets in recent years has been the trade in Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO), which has enabled financial institutions to repackage the credit risk of an asset portfolio into tranches to be transferred to investors. The present paper evaluates the credit risk of such a portfolio and the related tranches by applying two prom...

Inhaltsübersicht I. Corporate Risk Management II. Legal Framework for Derivatives 1. ISDA Master Agreement 2. (Deal specifi c) Confi rmations 3. Credit Support Annex (CSA) III. Credit Risk Mitigation: Collateralization of derivatives 1. Concept and mechanism 2. Default example 3. Benefi ts and practical issues around CSAs IV. Enforceability of the ISDA Master Agreement & Credit Support Annex 1....

internal audit is a process affected by an entity ‘s board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives relating to operations, reporting and compliance. this definition reflects certain fundamental concepts. internal control is: • geared to achievement of objectives in one or more categories operations, repor...

This paper presents the economic ordering policies of time-dependent deteriorating items in presence of trade credit using of discounted cash-flows (DCF) approach. In inventory analysis a DCF approach permits a proper recognition of the financial implication of the opportunity cost and out-of-pocket cost. In the inventory model, shortages are not allowed. In this study mathematical models are a...

The Credit Clearing House (CCH) is a division of Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) Business Information Group's Business Credit Services. CCH functions as the arm of Business Credit Services' Product Marketing Group, dedicated to serving the risk management needs of the apparel industry by assigning credit ratings and dollar-specific credit limit recommendations. CCH has several thousand customers that us...

This Appendix contains an overview of debt collection technologies in the U.S. and its recent evolution. In the first section we summarize how debt is collected in the U.S. Section 2 focuses on collection technology and its recent evolution. The last section describes the data sources used in the analysis. 1 Overview of the Debt Collection Process in the US We briefly describe the debt collecti...

Student loans and credit card loans represent important components of young households’ portfolios in the United States. While default rates on credit card debt are at historically low levels, default rates on student loans have increased significantly in recent years. There are important institutional differences between bankruptcy arrangements and default consequences in the two markets, whic...

expert systems can help to build banks customers' credit scoring models. here, selection of key features of the credit scoring is important. also, it is possible to express the features values as fuzzy. the problem is how to improve features selection by genetic algorithm, in way that these features can be employed as input in fuzzy expert system. this paper presents a hybrid credit scorin...