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Maintenance of biochemical gradients, membrane fluidity, and sustained periods of activity are key physiological and behavioral functions of water for animals living in desiccating environments. Water stress may reduce the organism’s ability to maintain these functions and as such, may reduce an organism’s growth. However, few studies have examined this potential effect. The effects of altered ...

For low-rate trellis codes that do not utilize uncoded bits, a new approach to constellation labeling which maximizes the constellation edge proole can provide improved metrics. We investigate the edge proole optimality for 8-QAM and 32-QAM constellations. The labeling structures that achieve the optimal edge prooles for 8-QAM and 32-QAM are presented. Explicit proofs of the optimal edge proole...

Let G be the automorphism group of the four-dimensional cube, a group of order24 . 4 ! = 384. The binary codes associated with the 32-dimensional permutationrepresentation of G on the edges of the cube are investigated. There are about 400 suchcodes, one of which is a [32, 17, 8] code, having twice as many codewords as the[32, 16, 8] extended quadratic residue code. __________<l...