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This study tested the hypothesis that oocyte-derived paracrine factors (ODPFs) regulate miRNA expression in mouse granulosa cells. Expression of mmu-miR-322-5p (miR-322) was higher in mural granulosa cells (MGCs) than in cumulus cells of the Graafian follicles. The expression levels of miR-322 decreased when cumulus cells or MGCs were co-cultured with oocytes denuded of their cumulus cells. Inh...

Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling and is implicated in a wide variety of cellular responses, but the exact mechanisms that control Smurf2 abundance are largely unknown. Here we identify microRNA-322 (miR-322) and miR-503 as novel factors that regulate Smurf2 expression posttranscriptionally. B...

2.1. Definitions: groups, subgroups, homomorphisms. (1) Which of the following are groups? If yes, prove the group axioms. If not, show that an axiom fails. (a) The “half integers” 12Z = { a 2 | a ∈ Z } ⊂ Q, under addition. (b) The “dyadic integers” Z[ 12 ] = { a 2k | a ∈ Z, k ≥ 0 } ⊂ Q, under addition. (c) The non-zero dyadic integers, under multiplication. (2) [DF1.1.9] Let F = { a+ b √ 2 | a...

Cryptosporidiosis is a particular concern in immunocompromised individuals where symptoms may be severe. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium infections in HIV/AIDS patients in Malaysia in order to identify risk factors and facilitate control measures. A modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast staining method was used to test for the...

Antiangiogenesis has become a promising pillar in modern cancer therapy. This study investigates the antiangiogenic effects of the PEGylated Adnectin™, CT-322, in a murine Colo-205 xenograft tumor model. CT-322 specifically binds to and blocks vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2). Adnectins are a novel class of targeted biologics engineered from the 10th domain of human fibrone...

Practical methods for enhancing protein production in vivo remain a challenge. RNA activation (RNAa) is emerging as one potential solution by using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to increase endogenous gene expression. This approach, although related to RNA interference (RNAi), facilitates a response opposite to gene silencing. Duplex dsP21-322 and its chemically modified variants are examples of ...