the sources have made little reference to ḥusayn b. rūḥ nawbakhtī (d. 326/938), a relative of nawbakhtī household, who was known to the imāmī shī‘as as the third deputy of the twelfth imam, or they have made no reference to his personality dimensions. the issue this article deals with is whether his specific deputyship has been addressed in the earlier sources including the historical, theologi...

The two main texts of Ayurveda viz. Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. which were said to be written around 1500 B.C. mentioned the use of iron. Iron powder pocessed along with herbs like Amalaki (Emb/ica officina/is), a rich source of ascorbic acid, is indicated in Pandu (anaemia). Vagbhata, a 4th Cent. A.D. author of Ashtangahridaya considered iron as the best among drugs used for Pandu (a...

This paper scrutinizes the ethicality of Islamic banks’ (IBs’) business model by employing ‘objectives law’ (Maq?sid al-Shar?’ah). necessitates developing an ethical framework to construe two primary injunctions finance, namely rib? and gharar. The former embodies financial decoupling (aggravating risk-shifting) unjust price gouging (provoking economic stagnation exclusion), while latter involv...

This article is devoted to the analysis of work famous ancient Greek writer, historian and politician middle 5th – first half 4th centuries BC Xenophon Athenians «Lacedaemonion Politeia», as main source for studying laws King Lycurgus Sparta.

with the advent of islam during the first half of the 7th century ce, pottery manufacture gradually started to change all over the islamic world. at the beginning iranian potters continued their pre-islamic traditions, therefore; nishapur potteries and their motifs can be seen as a link between two most flourishing eras in history of persian art (pre and post islamic period). the samanids were ...

Khoy, one of the major cities in the west Azarbaijan province is known for its nature, military, border positions, proximity to the Silk Road, including many different cultures and overall is one of the important settlements in the area. This essay investigates Khoy city’s expansion, from early Islam until late Qajar (Fourth - Fourteenth century) according to historical documents. This article ...

The article surveys the process of “flowery” style formation in Christian East writings, starting from its literary sources that go to ancient times and early Christianity homiletic works until moment this secured key features liturgical texts 8th–10th centuries. object study is stylistic Greek Syrian authors, which had a significant impact on Church Slavonic literature. objective research trac...