wilson’s disease (wd) or hepato-lenticular degeneration is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder. a prevalence rate of 30 cases per million and a birth incidence rate of one per 30,000 to 40,000 are often quoted. in 40 to 50% of individuals with wd, hepatic dysfunction is the initial clinical manifestation. with the exception of liver transplantation, treatment of wd is only palliative and intend...