The efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, expressed at high levels at the blood-brain barrier, exerts a profound effect on the disposition of various therapeutic compounds in the brain. A rapid and efficient modulation of this efflux transporter could enhance the distribution of its substrates and thereby improve central nervous system pharmacotherapies. This study explored the impact of the intra...

Background and Aim: Currently, cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, are one of the leading causes death in humans worldwide. In Eastern Mediterranean Middle East, our country, diseases major health social problems, size which is rapidly increasing. Due to growth medical technologies, population growth, lifestyle changes, studying consequences costs healthcare a critical is...

The following ar ticle is based on the Outstanding Young Investigator Award presentation given by Ju Li on April 19, 2006, at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. Li received the award “for his innovative work on the atomistic and first principles modeling of nanoindentation and ideal strength in revealing the genesis of ma te rials deformation and fracture.” Defect n...

BACKGROUND According to importance of cirrhosis of the liver and the lack of information about the economic burden of the disease, we performed this study to estimate the economic burden of liver Cirrhosis in Iran in 2011. METHODS The cost-of-illness method, based on the human capital theory, has been used. Both direct and indirect costs have been estimated using a prevalence approach and bot...

Aim: Hoarseness of voice is generally due to change in quality of voice. The etiology of hoarseness of voice varies from benign conditions to malignant disease, hence should not be ignored. All cases of hoarseness of voice persisting for more than 3 weeks should be investigated for the underlying disease. It may indicate either malignancy of larynx or silent bronchogenic carcinoma. A retrospect...

The identity and distribution of a neglected fungus gnat species, Rymosia tolleti Burghele-Balacesco, 1965, in Europe is reviewed based on examination newly collected specimens as well available museum mate-rials. widespread but rather rare Central Europe, with confirmed records from Romania, Slo-vakia, Germany, France. All the known collection details originate cave environments. Detailed phot...