Following Swales’s  (1981)  works  on  genre  analysis,  studies  on  different  sections  of  Research Articles  (RAs)  in  various  languages  and  fields  abound;  however,  only  scant  attention  has  been directed toward abstracts written in Persian, and in the field of literature. Moreover, claims made by Lores (2004) regarding the correspondence of two types of abstracts with different ...

Epistemic modality devices are believed to be one of the prominent characteristics of research articles as the commonly used genre among the academic community members. Considering the importance of such devices in producing and comprehending scientific discourse, this study aimed to cross–culturally and cross-linguistically investigate epistemic modality markers as an important subcategory...

synophthalmia is a form of cyclopia, in which some elements of two eyes are fused and form a single eye in the middle region of the forehead. the head of a holstein female calf born from a 5-year-old cow was referred to department of pathology, school of veterinary medicine, shahrekord university due to multiple congenital anomalies. the calf had been slaughtered immediately after birth due to ...

heart failure (hf) is a common disease with high health care costs and high mortality rate knowledge of the health-related quality of life (qol) outcomes of hf may guide decision making and be useful in assessing new therapies for population. yet little is known about qol of hf patients in iran. objectives: to assess health related qol of patients with hf with two different instrument and to co...

extended abstract 1. introduction the diversity of impersonal constructions and the different approaches used in studying them have caused different and sometimes contradictory positions about their classification and the explanation of grammatical and semantic roles of their components. this article reveals the necessity of studying them with a new approach which pursues a common basis coverin...

interspecific hybridization occurs among cucurbia species it is commonly used for grafting, yield increasing and production of pest resistant rootstocks. in the present research probability of interspecies hybrid generation among seven lines of cucurbita pepo (p1, p4, p5, p6, p10, p22, p25) and six lines of cucurbita moschata (mo3, mo5, mo6, mo9, mo11, mo12) were investigated. after crossing of...

background :many studies have reported the increase in strength of the untrained contralateral limb after unilateral training. the aim of this study was to compare the cross education effect in the young and elderly persons.   methods : in this quasi-experimental and pre-post study, 12 young people aged 28.25 ±3.11 years and 12 elderly persons (aged 73.08 ± 5.3 years) participated. the subjects...

This paper examines the stock return performance of the IPO stocks which are listed on the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) in Hong Kong. By using several benchmarks, over three years, this paper finds that the results produced are sensitive to the benchmark employed. The two factors causing the underperformance of GEM stocks are the ‘technology boom’ and ‘IPO effects’. This suggests that appropr...

BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that lay people have difficulties with evaluating effect size in terms of number needed to treat (NNT), but they are sensitive to effect size in terms of survival gains. AIM To explore whether GPs and internists are sensitive to NNT and survival gains when considering a lipid-lowering drug therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional survey of primary prev...