The most eeective and widely used methods for integrating the Orr-Sommerfeld equation by shooting are the continuous orthogonalization method and the compound matrix method. In this paper, we consider this problem from a diierential-geometric point of view. A new deenition of orthogonalization is presented: restriction of the Orr-Sommerfeld to a complex Stiefel manifold, and this deenition lead...

Neutral stability limits for wake flow behind a flat plate is studied using spectral method. First, Orr-Sommerfeld equation was changed to matrix form, covering the whole domain of solution. Next, each term of matrix was expanded using Chebyshev expansion series, a series very much equivalent to the Fourier cosine series. A group of functions and conditions are applied to start and end points i...

In this study PtFeCo ternary alloys nanoparticles of three dimentional (3D) rhombus shapes dispersed on graphene nanosheets (PtFeCo/Gr) were successfully prepared and studied as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells. A combination of analytical techniques including powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectra, inductively coupled plasma-...

In the work presented here, nitrogen and sulfur co doped on porous graphene was synthesized using pyrolysis at 900°C for 2h and the hydrothermal technique at 180°C for 24h as metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under alkaline conditions. All the materials have been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreov...

Scientists' interest in religion seems to come in waves. One arrived after the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859. Another followed in the 1930s and 1940s, inspired by surprising revelations from quantum mechanics, which suggested the insufficiency of conventional physical theories of the universe. And now scientists are once again writing about religion, apparently provoked this...

Science,” co-hosted by Political Studies and The Centre for Research Methods in the Social Sciences, Oxford University, June 2008. I thank Susan Orr for her skeptical comments on this version. I presented earlier versions as a discussion paper at a conference on “Epistemologies of Rational Choice,” Department of Politics, NYU, December 2004 and as part of the Blalock Lectures on Advanced Topics...

Almost exactly IOO years ago, in fact on 23 September, 1880, John Boyd Orr was born quite near here, at Kilmaurs, Ayrshire. It is fitting that this lecture should be given in the University of Glasgow with which he had such close relations, first as a student and research assistant, and later as Rector and finally Chancellor. I think that the best way of paying tribute to this remarkable man in...

The development of highly stable and efficient electrocatalysts for sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is exceedingly significant for the commercialization of fuel cells but remains a challenge. We here synthesize a new nitrogen-doped biocarbon composite material (N-BC@CNP-900) as a nitrogen-containing carbon-based electrocatalyst for the ORR via facile all-solid-state multi-step pyrolysi...