In this paper, we study the effects of turbulent atmosphere on the degree of polarization of a partially coherent electromagnetic beam, which propagates through it. The beam is described by a 2 × 2 cross-spectral density matrix and is assumed to be generated by a planar, secondary, electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model source. The analysis is based on a recently formulated unified theory of coh...

Based on an expanded distorted-wave approximation, analytical intensity expressions are derived for phasesensitive reference-beam x-ray diffraction in both the transmission and the reflection cases. Results from this approach are compared with the rigorous n-beam dynamical theory calculations and are shown to be very accurate if the crystal is in the thin kinematic limit. The method represents ...

In this paper, a size-dependent formulation for the Bernoulli-Euler beam is developed based on a new model of couple stress theory presented by Hadjesfandiari and Dargush. The constitutive equation obtained in this new model, consists of only one length scale parameter that is capable of capturing the micro-structural size effect in predicting the mechanical behavior of the structure. Having on...