The effects of a heavy metal containing wastewater sediment on two cultivars white willow were investigated in pot experiment. Our aim was to examine the effect toxic elements microanatomical parameters leaves tested plant. We examined following parameters: stomatic density, stoma width and length, lamina thickness, adaxial abaxial epidermis mesophyll palisad spongy parenchyma main vein length....

The role of morpho-physiological attributes along with the antioxidant potential Stipagrostis plumosa L. populations collected from arid regions in adaptability to aridity was evaluated. Root shoot length, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and organic osmolytes (total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, glycinebetaine, proline) increased more activities enzymes (APX, CAT, POD, SOD). fresh:dry wei...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs) are essential to the establishment of adaxial-abaxial (dorsoventral) leaf polarity. Tas3-derived ta-siRNAs define the adaxial side of the leaf by restricting the expression domain of miRNA miR166, which in turn demarcates the abaxial side of leaves by restricting the expression of adaxial determinants. To investigate the regulatory mechanis...

The effect of light on the stomatal resistance of abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was studied in the growth chamber and in the field. The adaxial stomata required more light to open than the abaxial stomata; the abaxial stomatal apertures were still about 50% open at 1% full sunlight and light-induced closure was never observed under daytime field conditi...

Conductance to gaseous transfer is normally considered to be greater from the abaxial than from the adaxial side of a leaf. Measurements of the conductance to water vapor of peanut leaves (Arachis hypogaea L.) under well watered and stress conditions in a controlled environment, however, indicated a 2-fold higher conductance from the adaxial side of the leaf than from the abaxial. Studies of co...

Spectinomycin, an inhibitor of plastid protein synthesis, can be used to mark specific cell layers in the shoot meristem of Brassica napus. Pale yellow-green (YG) plants resulting from spectinomycin-treatment can be propagated indefinitely in vitro. Microscopic examination showed that YG-plants result from inactivation of plastids in the L2 and L3 layers and are composed of a pale green epiderm...

Oxalic acid is a virulence factor of several phytopathogenic fungi, including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, but the detailed mechanisms by which oxalic acid affects host cells and tissues are not understood. We tested the hypothesis that oxalate induces foliar wilting during fungal infection by manipulating guard cells. Unlike uninfected leaves, stomatal pores of Vicia faba leaves in...

The bodies of seed plants are comprised of two classes of organs with contrasting growth and symmetry attributes. Stems and roots are indeterminate organs that exhibit apical growth at apical meristems and radial growth at the vascular cambium, a pattern of growth that results in primarily radially symmetric organs. Lateral organs of the shoot, for example cotyledons, leaves, and floral organs,...