According to Eugene Wigner, quantum mechanics is a physics of Fourier transformations, and special relativity is a physics of Lorentz transformations. Since two-by-two matrices with unit determinant form the group SL(2, c) which acts as the universal covering group of the Lorentz group, the two-by-two matrices constitute the natural language for special relativity. The central language for opti...

We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) with amphotericin B in the empirical treatment of fever and neutropenia. Patients with neutropenia and unresolved fever after > or = 3 days of empirical antibiotic therapy were stratified by age and concomitant use of cyclosporine or tacrolimus. Patients were then randomized to receiv...

OBJECTIVES The authors estimated the effectiveness of the Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program as a tool to improve the oral health of children, and they measured its costs. ABCD is an effort to increase the utilization of dental care by Medicaid-enrolled children younger than 6 years. METHODS The authors compared the oral health of third-grade children in Spokane County Wash. (A...

Introduction: ABCD risk score and cerebral microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) have been separately shown to the predict risk of recurrent acute stroke. We studied whether ABCD risk score predicts cerebral microemboli in patients with hyper-acute symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Participants and methods: We studied 206 patients presenting within 2 weeks of transient ischaemic...

OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to prospectively validate the predictive value of the ABCD²-I score and to then compare the predictive accuracy of the ABCD² score and ABCD²-I score for 1-year risk of stroke in admitted patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) time-based criteria. METHODS Data were collected from patients with...

BACKGROUND The ABCD(2) score is increasingly being used to triage patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Whether the score can predict the need for in-hospital intervention (IHI), other than initiation of antiplatelets and statins, is unknown. AIMS The ability of the ABCD(2) score to predict IHI would strengthen the rationale to use it as a decision-making tool. We thus conducted this...

The ABCD study is recruiting and following the brain development and health of over 10,000 9-10 year olds through adolescence. The imaging component of the study was developed by the ABCD Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC) and the ABCD Imaging Acquisition Workgroup. Imaging methods and assessments were selected, optimized and harmonized across all 21 sites to measure brain structure an...

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (zygomycosis) primarily affects diabetic or immunosuppressed patients and typically progresses rapidly, necessitating surgical excision and antifungal therapy with amphotericin B. Large doses of amphotericin B are required for cure, causing significant renal toxicity. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD; Amphocil, Sequus Pharmaceuticals, Menlo Park, CA) is a 1:1...

Abstract—The behaviour of electrical networks can be described with many different representations, each with their distinct benefits. In this paper, we consider Z, Y, G, H, ABCD, S and T parameters. Formulas exist to go from one representation to another, but implementing them is an error-prone procedure. In this paper, we present a more elegant way to implement the transformations based on ma...

We propose that the height-angle ray vector in matrix optics should be complex, based on a geometric algebra analysis. We also propose that the ray’s 2×2 matrix operators should be right-acting, so that the matrix product succession would go with light’s left-to-right propagation. We express the propagation and refraction operators as a sum of a unit matrix and an imaginary matrix proportional ...