The challenge on the horizon for computer-mediated communication has to do with the refinement of theories. The most important refinement we need has to do with the articulation of boundary conditions: implicit boundaries that have always been there but which we have ignored or failed to investigate, and explicit boundaries being foisted upon us by technological developments that may limit (or ...

I GRl!E1" YOU, Fellows of the American College of SUI'gl:Ons, from what l believe is a unique position for a president of the College. I do not use unique jn me comparative sense in which it is often em',ployed. I mean really one of a kind. So far as I can determine, I am the only surgeon ever chosen for this high office who had retked from pr.tctice. That :should permit me to survey the surgic...

This study investigated the utility of all of the above (AOTA) as a test option in multiple-choice items. It aimed at estimating item fit, item difficulty, item discrimination, and guess factor of such a choice. Five reading passages of the Key English Test (KET, 2010) were adapted. The test was reconstructed in 2 parallel forms: Test 1 did not include the abovementioned alternative, whereas Te...

this study investigated the utility of all of the above (aota) as a test option in multiple-choice items. it aimed at estimating item fit, item difficulty, item discrimination, and guess factor of such a choice. five reading passages of the key english test (ket, 2010) were adapted. the test was reconstructed in 2 parallel forms: test 1 did not include the abovementioned alternative, whereas te...