this study was conducted to investigate the effects of applying deficit irrigation on aboveground biomass, leaf area and root biomass for maize hybrid 704 single-cross. experimental treatments included 4 different irrigation levels, 5 growth stages with three replicates in a completely randomized factorial statistical design. aboveground biomass, leaf area and root biomass in 4 longitudinal sec...

This study presents a pioneering investigation into the anatomical composition of both above-ground and underground organs, including leaves, petioles, peduncles, pedicels, roots Ferula tenuisecta, within their natural ecological habitats. Notably, this research delves schizogenic type tissue development found in peduncle root, elucidating its intricate connection to robustness organ, which, tu...

Salinity, which is more common in semi-arid and arid areas, increasing every day with climate change, poor quality irrigation water, soil structure. High salt concentration restricts plant production causes productivity loss agriculture. To sustain agriculture saline soils, the determination of species resistant to salinity comes into prominence areas problems. For this reason, research was per...

Nematode were determined in 189 soil and root samples collected from 18 olive nurseries in Golestan province (northern Iran), between 2004 and 2008. which contain eight species belonging to eight grnera The important nematodes detected, in order of decreasing frequency of infestation (percentage of samples), were Aphelenchus avenae, Meloidogyne javanica, Irantylenchus sp., Pratylenchus thornei,...

SUMMARY (1) Recent evidence indicates tight control of plant resource economics over interspecific trait variation among species, both within and across organs. Here we demonstrate that this 'Plant economics spectrum' has important afterlife effects on carbon turnover by driving coordinated decomposition rates of different organs across species. (2) To that end, we conducted a common-garden dec...

Conspecific and heterospecific aboveground and belowground herbivores often occur together in nature and their interactions may determine community structure. Here we show how aboveground adults and belowground larvae of the tallow tree specialist beetle Bikasha collaris and multiple heterospecific aboveground species interact to determine herbivore performance. Conspecific aboveground adults f...

Soil seed banks serve as reservoirs for future plant communities, and when diverse and abundant can buffer vegetation communities against environmental fluctuations. Sparse seed banks, however, may lead to future declines of already rare species. Seed banks in wetland communities are often robust and can persist over long time periods making wetlands model systems for studying the spatial and t...