Gateway-Initiated Dual-Stack Lite (GI-DS-Lite) is a variant of DualStack Lite (DS-Lite) applicable to certain tunnel-based access architectures. GI-DS-Lite extends existing access tunnels beyond the access gateway to an IPv4-IPv4 NAT using softwires with an embedded Context Identifier that uniquely identifies the end-system to which the tunneled packets belong. The access gateway determines whi...

Gateway-Initiated Dual-Stack Lite (GI-DS-Lite) is a variant of DualStack Lite (DS-Lite) applicable to certain tunnel-based access architectures. GI-DS-Lite extends existing access tunnels beyond the access gateway to an IPv4-IPv4 NAT using softwires with an embedded Context Identifier that uniquely identifies the end-system to which the tunneled packets belong. The access gateway determines whi...

Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. The chalcogenide compound EuO is best known as a highly efficient spin-filter tunnel barrier material. Using the mo...

Tunneling spectroscopy has developed into a field of intensive research since its first application to superconductors by Giaever [l] in 1961. Subsequently, it was extended to surface studies, mainly through inelastic tunneling spectroscopy [21]. In general, tunneling experiments are performed with metal-insulator-metal (or semiconductor) sandwich structures with a solidstate insulator. This cl...

The time tunnel display design technique combines the benefits of configural displays (salient visual properties corresponding to critical domain semantics) with the benefits of temporal information (i.e., the value of variables and properties over time). In Experiment 1 a baseline configural display and a time tunnel display were evaluated using real-time measures of system control, fault dete...

This paper reviews the remarkable developments of the magnetic tunnel junction over the last decade and in particular, work aimed at demonstrating its potential for a dense, fast, and nonvolatile random access memory. The initial focus is on the technological roots of the magnetic tunnel junction, and then on the recent progress made with engineered materials for this device. Following that, we...

Tunnel–bridge–tunnel groups (TBTGs) are emerging roads that often involve simple road alignments, but complex driving environments. Investigating crashes occurred in TBTGs is essential for revealing the environment–adaptability relationships such roads. This study seeks to analyze crash characteristics of component sections with different environments and compare impact differences key factor o...

This paper deals with full face excavation of large size tunnels in rock masses of very poor quality which exhibit squeezing problems. Three different time dependent constitutive models of increasing complexity (a viscoelasticplastic model, an elastic-viscoplastic model, and an elastic-plastic-viscoplastic model) are used to analyze the tunnel response during excavation of the Saint Martin La P...

Bone is a dynamic tissue from which minerals are deposited or withdrawn according to the body's demand. During late pregnancy and lactation, female mammals mobilize mineral from bone to support the ossification of offspring skeleton(s). Conversely, in response to mechanical loading, minerals are deposited in bone enabling it to develop a stronger architecture. Despite their central importance t...

Performance evaluation results of the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) Advanced Infrared Medium Access Control (AIr MAC) layer are presented. AIr MAC implements Unreserved and Reserved data transfer modes. Reserved mode employs the Request To Send / Clear To Send (RTS/CTS) media access reservation scheme. A simulator for the AIr MAC layer is developed. The importance of the Collision Avoidance ...