there is a general rule in criminal law, principal of innocence. according to this rule, who asserts must prove. if she succeeds, ,this principal is replaced by pricipal of criminality, (as this pricipal is valid as far as the contrary is not proven). so, it is clear that the validity of this pricipal is based on the circumstances and reasonable inferences from these circumstances. if the situa...

In an era in which extensive judicial emphasis has been placed on "due process of law" in criminal proceedings, both in the federal courts and in the state courts, Dr. Szasz's book serves as a jarring reminder that in at least one vital area of the concept of due process, much remains to be done. The emerging definition of due process has enunciated the rights guaranteed the individual by the F...

support of the individual rights and freedom is one of the purposes of criminal procedural rules. police detention or surveillance is contrary to the individual rights. in accordance with obvious rules, police at both american and iranian systems of justice might arrest someone. this matter has an exceptional aspect. it is essential to observe two provisions in which include “visible crime” and...