BACKGROUND Two-step dilute acid hydrolysis of softwood, either as a stand-alone process or as pretreatment before enzymatic hydrolysis, is considered to result in higher sugar yields than one-step acid hydrolysis. However, this requires removal of the liquid between the two steps. In an industrial process, filtration and washing of the material between the two steps is difficult, as it should b...

Remediation of heavy metal polluted sediment by extracting the metals with sulfuric acid can be performed as follows: abiotic suspension leaching, microbial suspension leaching, abiotic solid-bed leaching, and microbial solid-bed leaching. Abiotic leaching means that the acid is directly added, while microbial leaching means that the acid is generated from sulfur by microbes (bioleaching). Thes...

Gasification char is an effective catalyst for tar reforming because of the abundance surface active sites, which are available heterogeneous conversion hydrocarbons and interactions with agents. This paper focuses on importance certain properties gasification catalytic reforming. Specifically, reactivity spruce examined, along its performance as a toluene conversion. The material used this wor...

Some biochemical characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (Hypophtalmichthys moltrix) surimi prepared by a conventional washing method and protein isolated using alkaline-acid-aided processes were investigated. Solubility of protein in silver carp and common carp were found to be highest by using the conventional washing method. Decreases in myoglobin and lipid contents ...

THE STRUCTURE OF hydrogel materials can be described as ‘washingline’ polymers. In this analogy the hydrogels are composed of a long backbone (ie the ‘washing line’) from which a variety of chemical groups may be suspended (the ‘washing’). The function of these chemical groups, or monomers, is to attract and bind water. In conventional hydrogel materials, frequently used monomers include Nvinyl...

lactide was synthesized by reverse polymerization of low molecular weight poly(lactic acid) with two different molecular weights:1500 and 2500. two different lactide purification processes such as: recrystallization in ethyl acetate and washing the crude lactide with ether before recrystallization in ethyl acetate were evaluated. it has been demonstrated that increasing the molecular weight of ...

background: this research studied the feasibility of a simple method for extracting gold from central processing units (cpus) of computer circuit boards without solvent. methods: ceramic and composite cpus of computer circuit boards were used. gold was extracted using a hydrometallurgical method in six stages: grinding of cpus, leaching in nitric acid, leaching in aqua regia, removing the exces...

A study was conducted to investigate the microbiological impact of spray washing broiler carcasses with chlorinated water (0 or 50 ppm) at different temperatures (21.1, 43.3, or 54.4 degrees C). A whole carcass rinse (WCR) was performed on each carcass before (control) and after spray washing (final). After the control WCR, carcasses were inoculated with 0.1 g of cecal material containing 2 x 1...

BACKGROUND In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), individuals feel compelled to repeatedly perform security-related behaviors, even though these behaviours seem excessive and unwarranted to them. The present research investigated two alternative ways of explaining such behavior: (1) a dysfunction of activation--a starting problem--in which the level of excitation in response to stimuli suggest...