AIMS Tolerance to ethanol-induced inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is thought to underlie the acute adaptive mechanisms against ethanol. To explore these compensatory upregulating mechanisms of NMDARs, we investigated the expression and phosphorylation of NMDAR subunits in vivo following an acute ethanol treatment. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 4 g/kg ethano...

Objectives: to compare the acute and chronic effects of ethanol on the neural development, by analysis of the ontogenetic neural structure of mammals. Methods: searches were performed in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, SciElo, PubMed, LILACS, CAPES periodical, and the Open Journal System. The descriptors used were: "chronic ethanol toxicity", "chronic alcohol toxicity", "acute etha...

In mammalian and insect models of ethanol intoxication, low doses of ethanol stimulate locomotor activity whereas high doses induce sedation. Sex differences in acute ethanol responses, which occur in humans, have not been characterized in Drosophila. In this study, we find that male flies show increased ethanol hyperactivity and greater resistance to ethanol sedation compared with females. We ...

Acute ethanol exposure induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in primary rat hepatocytes. Previous data indicate that the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is essential for ethanol-induced apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which ethanol induces the MPT remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Bax, a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, in acute ethanol-induced hepa...

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Acute functional tolerance to ethanol develops during a single exposure to ethanol; it has been suggested to be a predisposing factor for the development of ethanol dependence. Genetic determinants of acute functional tolerance, as well as of ethanol dependence, have been clearly demonstrated. We describe a novel approach that uses a combination of selective breeding (to segregate genes contrib...

Male albino rats of Wistar strain were exposed to overcrowding stress in two different groups for a period of seven days. One group of rats was kept under stress for six hours per day (acute stressed group) and the other group rats was kept under stress continuously (chronic stressed group). The effect of these acute and chronic stresses on voluntary alcohol (2% w/v) intake was monitored during...

In this study we have investigated the effects of (a) chronic ethanol intake on glucose and galactose absorption across the rat jejunum in vivo and on the potential difference across the isolated brush border membrane (Vm) and (b) acute exposure to ethanol (4% or 8%) and acetaldehyde (0.25%) on changes in Vm associated with Na(+)-dependent galactose absorption across the jejunum and ileum. Chro...

Article history: Received: 17 May 2013 Accepted: 19 June 2013 Available online: 28 Sep 2013 ZJRMS 2015 Feb; 17(2): 22-26 Background: Leptin is one of the possible mediators of ethanol intake. On the other hand, the concentration of total plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is a well-established indicator for the risk of cardiovascular disease and seems to be related to ethanol consumption. So, the aim of...

Withania somnifera (WS) or its psychotropic preparation is known to play a critical role in morphine, alcohol and benzodiazepines addiction. This study investigates the role of WS in acute ethanol and withdrawal from chronic ethanol consumption using elevated plus maze paradigm in rats. Acute administration of ethanol (1.5-2 g/kg, ip) triggered anxiolytic effect and withdrawal from prolonged et...