Animal species have adapted their morphology (the placement of sensors and actuators, specific characteristics, etc.) to their ecological niche. However, so far very little is known about the relationship between the morphology of an evolutionary system such as self-organizing robot and its adaptive behavior in the environment. In this paper we investigate the evolutionary development of embodi...

This paper describes the AFRL-MITLL statistical machine translation systems and the improvements that were developed during the WMT16 evaluation campaign. As part of these efforts we’ve adapted a variety new techniques to our previous years’ systems including Neural Machine Translation, additional out-of-vocabulary transliteration techniques, and morphology generation. Preliminary results are d...

This paper describes the AFRL-MITLL statistical machine translation systems and the improvements that were developed during the WMT16 evaluation campaign. As part of these efforts we have adapted a variety new techniques to our previous years’ systems including Neural Machine Translation, additional out-of-vocabulary transliteration techniques, and morphology generation.

Eyes are expected to be adapted to the physical characteristics of the visual environment, yet previous analyses failed to corroborate this observation. We demonstrate that nocturnal, crepuscular/cathemeral, and diurnal activity patterns occupy distinct areas in morphospace and are identified with high accuracies based on a discriminant analysis of visual performance features. Not only nocturna...

Lucas and colleagues recently proposed a model based on fracture and deformation concepts to describe how mammalian tooth enamel may be adapted to the mechanical demands of diet (Lucas et al.: Bioessays 30 2008 374-385). Here we review the applicability of that model by examining existing data on the food mechanical properties and enamel morphology of great apes (Pan, Pongo, and Gorilla). Parti...

Marine teleosts actively excrete SO₄²⁻ and keep the plasma concentration of this ion much lower than that of environmental seawater (SW). We used the eel as a model to study the excretory mechanism of SO₄²⁻ because this euryhaline species changes SO₄²⁻ regulation drastically after transfer from freshwater (FW) to SW. Time-course studies showed that plasma SO₄²⁻ concentration decreased 3 days af...

Vocal production requires active control of the respiratory system, larynx and vocal tract. Vocal sounds in mammals are produced by flow-induced vocal fold oscillation, which requires vocal fold tissue that can sustain the mechanical stress during phonation. Our understanding of the relationship between morphology and vocal function of vocal folds is very limited. Here we tested the hypothesis ...

Cells of Mycobacterium vaccae were grown in toluene, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and glycerol, exhibiting different degrees of tolerance towards these compounds, and being able to use both ethanol and glycerol as sole carbon and energy sources. Cellular adaptation to ethanol and MTBE led to significant changes in the membrane fatty acid (FA) composition, by modifications in the prop...

Light microscopic analysis of cell morphology provides a high-content readout of cell function and protein localization. Cell arrays and microwell transfection assays on cultured cells have made cell phenotype analysis accessible to high-throughput experiments. Both the localization of each protein in the proteome and the effect of RNAi knock-down of individual genes on cell morphology can be a...

Imaging datasets are rich in quantitative information. However, few cell biologists possess the tools necessary to analyze them. Here, we present a large dataset of Xenopusextract spindle images together with an analysis pipeline designed to assess spindle morphology across a range of experimental conditions. Our analysis of different spindle types illustrates how kinetochore microtubules ampli...