137 The paraganglion system, a component of the neuroendocrine system, comprises the adrenal medullae and the extra-adrenal paraganglion system. Tissues of the extra-adrenal system have been classified into 4 groups: branchiomeric (associated with arterial vessels and cranial nerves derived from the branchial arches); intravagal; aorticosympathetic; and visceral-autonomic (including cardiac atr...

conclusions in evaluation of adrenal masses cystic lymphangioma should be considered as a differential diagnosis. introduction adrenal cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor, which is nearly always asymptomatic and incidentally discovered during routine imaging work-ups or investigating other pathologies. case report a 43-year-old female presented hypertension, which during routine work-up ...

introduction extramedullary hematopoiesis in the kidney and adrenal are rarely reported in medical literature and are usually found as incidentaloma. it usually occurs in patients with hematologic disorder such as thalassemia. case presentation the patient was a 23-year-old iranian man with beta thalassemia who was admitted with a suprarenal mass. adrenal mass was detected by ultrasonography an...

spontaneous adrenal hematoma is a very rare condition and its prevalence has been reported to be about 1% in previous studies. although various causes have been proposed to explain its incidence in existing case reports, the etiology and pathology of this condition is still not known. the present study presents a case of spontaneous adrenal hematoma in a pregnant 31 year old woman without histo...

J.HE SYMPATHETIC-ADRENAL medullary system was the first endocrine system to be studied experimentally with regard to the possible participation of emotional factors in its regulation. The concept that the adrenal gland might be susceptible to emotional stimuli was developed by Walter Cannon with characteristic logic. He reasoned that: (1) it was known that the adrenal medulla is linked to the s...

abstract   background: isolated adrenal hemorrhage is an uncommon condition and its diagnosis is usually made during autopsy. adrenal hemorrhage (ah) is one of the very rare complications of trauma in adults. ah is associated with meningococcal septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (water house–friderichsen syndrome). hypotension, tumors, complications of pregnancy, surgical str...

To elucidate the physiological and pathophysiological significance of methionine- and leucine-enkephalin (Met-and Leu-enkephalin, respectively) in human sympathoadrenal system, the contents of these peptides in normal human sympathetic nervous system, adrenal medulla, and pheochromocytomas were determined by specific radioimmunoassays combined with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromato...

BACKGROUND Endothelin-1 (ET-1) may function as an aldosterone secretagogue and, in turn, aldosterone can upregulate ET-1 expression. Hence, the existence of a feedforward loop involving ETs and aldosterone has been speculated in primary aldosteronism (PA). In the present study, we sought to examine ET-1 secretion from the adrenal glands in patients with PA. DESIGN We determined ET-1 levels in...