interactions with children, but in order to move the children away from their perhaps preferred sensorimotor representation of books (books are to be sucked, pulled apart, stacked, and thrown”) toward the shared reading format, the adults adjust their actions in order to create the possibility of a shared understanding of the situation. I would interpret the shared book interaction as an unambi...

In this paper, I attempt to bring together approaches to literacy in theory and in practice, drawing upon various activities I have been involved in over the years–research in Iranian villages during the 1970s; linking research and theory to literacy policy, with particular reference to a contribution to the Unesco Global Monitoring Report in 2004 and involvement in an ongoing adult literacy tr...

Critical theory is one of the most influential theoretical frameworks influencing scholarship within the field of adult and community education. This chapter outlines what constitute the chief elements of critical theory using Horkheimer’s (1937/1995) classic essay as a touchstone for this analysis. It argues for a set of adult learning tasks that are embedded in this analysis and that apply bo...

The paper finds out poor engagement in business English training program prevents adult learners at College of Continuing Education of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies from improving their communication skills. PBL (Project –Based Learning) is proposed to motivate adult learners to get involved with learning a lot. Based on the perspective of psychology, learners’ needs may produce motiv...

Mobile learning (m-learning) is gaining popularity as the „anytime, anywhere‟ online learning channel. Academics and practitioners alike are showing interest in examining its ability to support online learning. However, prior studies have highlighted the challenges in promoting m-learning adoption. The extantm-learning literature has mainly focused on technology related factors to examine m-lea...