Effects of short-term treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) on neurite outgrowth of superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in culture or on neuron survival and neovascularization of SCG in a transplantation system were examined in rats. SCG were preincubated with FGF, EGF and/or NGF for 30 min and cultured with drug-free medium...

Brain aging, Alzheimer disease and stroke share common elements of de®cits in calcium regulation, declines in mitochondrial function, increases in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulated damage from ROS and immune system dysfunction. The problem is to distinguish less signi®cant side reactions, such as gray hair, from aspects of aging that contribute to disease. Toward establis...

There is increasing evidence that neuron death in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, is due to the activation of programmed cell death. However, the upstream mediators of cell death remain largely unknown. One approach to the identification of upstream mediators is to perform gene expression analysis in disease models. Such analyses, performed in tissue culture models indu...

Cover Illustration: The 3D reconstruction of super-resolution immunofluorescent confocal image shows that glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1; green)-labeled astrocytic processes enwrap neurons labeled by microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2, red; nuclei, blue) in primary mouse cortical glia-neuron mix culture. close proximity MAP2-GLT1 indicates the neuron-astrocyte interaction for maintaining hom...

There is increasing evidence that neuron death in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, is due to the activation of programmed cell death. However, the upstream mediators of cell death remain largely unknown. One approach to the identification of upstream mediators is to perform gene expression analysis in disease models. Such analyses, performed in tissue culture models indu...

Superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons taken from perinatal rats and dissociated in culture develop cholinergic properties. This report examines this "plasticity" of neurotransmitter function with regard to its dependence on the stage of neuronal development. Explants of SCG from rats ranging in age from 2 d to adult were cultured, and the number of neurons surviving after 6 wk in culture was...

Superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons taken from perinatal rats and dissociated in culture develop cholinergic properties . This report examines this "plasticity" of neurotransmitter function with regard to its dependence on the stage of neuronal development. Explants of SCG from rats ranging in age from 2 d to adult were cultured, and the number of neurons surviving after 6 wk in culture wa...

introduction: the aim of this study was evaluate the ability of notochord to induce neural induction and/or differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to neuron and motor neuron, respectively. methods: in order to produce embryoid bodies, es cells line royan b1 were grown in suspension in the absence of lif for 4 days. ebs were divided into 4 groups. ebs in group 1 & 2 were further cultured i...