An experimental study is performed to investigate the fuel impingement on cylinder walls and piston top inside a directinjection spark-ignition engine with optical access to the cylinder. Three different fuels, namely, E85, E50 and gasoline are used in this work. E85 represents a blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline by volume. Experiments are performed at different load condition...

1.1 Background Thanks to the breakthroughs in microfabrication technologies, numerous concepts of microsystems including micro aerial vehicles, microbots, and nanosatellites have been proposed. Contrary to ordinary electronic devices, these microsystems perform mechanical work and require the extended operation. As their functions are getting complex and advanced, their energy consumption is al...

The rebound effect is the causal impact of an increase in fuel efficiency on the demand for car kilometres. The rebound effect has been studied in several different sectors (for a survey, see Greening et al. (2000)). Some recent studies have extensively focused on passenger transportation using macro data (see, Small and Van Dender (2007); Hymel et al. (2010)). However, the rebound effect is es...

1993, [4] Rouzaud and Clinard, (2002) Fuel Proc. Technol., 77-78, 229-235 [5] Derenne et al. (2005) GCA, 69, 3911-3918, [6] Binet et al. (2004) Meteoritics & Planet. Sci, 39, 1649-1654.

This paper has studied fuel consumption in Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic flow model. The dependence of fuel consumption (per km per vehicle) on the average density ρ, the maximum velocity vmax, and the randomization probability p is studied. The relationship between fuel consumption and average velocity is also investigated. Our simulations indicate to minimize fuel consumption, different average...

Study of gas fuel temperature influence on combustion performance by means of numerical modeling is a main objective of this work. Combustion of a single jet of propane in a cross-flowing stream of preheated and oxygen deficient air is analyzed. Both Eddy-Break-Up and PDF/mixture fraction combustion models coupled with RNG k-ε turbulent model were applied and compared. Thermal and prompt NOx mo...

The development of a generalized steady-state electrochemical model of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell or proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is presented by R.F Mann et al. to predict the output voltage of a single Ballard Mark V cell as a function of the major variables like current density, pressure of the reactant gases and working temperature more efficiently (Mann et al. 200...

introduction energy is one of the most important commodities that make up a large proportion of international trade. among all the countries in the world, iran is known as semi-industrial developing country which is rich in energy such as non-renewable energy in particular fossil fuel. use of energy affects the environment in various forms of pollution. in the agricultural sector, the fao repor...