The ecological impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasingly recognized process that accompanies expanding urbanization. Yet, we have limited knowledge on the impact of ALAN on wild species, and on the potential to mitigate any negative effects by using different light sources and colors. In birds, effects of ALAN on activity levels are reported for several species and, hence, t...

In addition to being a remarkable scientist (as described by Chris Marshall in this issue), Alan was a kind and generous mentor, colleague, advisor, and friend. Here, several of Alan’s trainees, colleagues, and fellow JCB editors share their memories of him. What is clear from their accounts is that the scientific community and JCB have lost a beloved colleague—a gentleman scientist of sharp in...

Lab Chiefs in the history of the NIH. Alan Wolffe, an internationally recognized investigator The Laboratory of Molecular Embryology was quickly in chromatin research, died May 26 as a result of injuries organized with Alan’s characteristic vigor and intensity. suffered in a traffic accident in Rio Di Janeiro, Brazil, He recruited a strong group of junior faculty, all of whom where he was atten...

One of the major developments of the second year of human life is the emergence of the ability to pretend. A child's knowledge of a real situation is apparently contradicted and distorted by pretense. If, as generally assumed, the child is just beginning to construct a system for internally representing such knowledge, why is this system of representation not undermined by its use in both compr...

The activity of deoxythymidine kinase appears related to the proliferative ability of the cell (l-6). In adult rat liver, deoxythymidine kinase activity is virtually undetectable but appears rapidly during liver regeneration (I, 5, 7-10); the enhancement in the latter case is completely blocked by X-irradiation (II). Deoxythymidine kinase activity is also markedly enhanced in the livers of rats...

We present and solve optimality equations for the 2-player, jeopardy dice game Farkle (a.k.a. Dix Mille, Ten Thousand). For fairest play, we recommend 200 compensation points at the beginning of the game for the second player. We then compute the strategy that maximizes expected score, demonstrate a means for replicating such play with mental mathematics, and augment this method so as to enable...

We note with profound sadness the unexpected death of Alan J. Magill, MD, FASTMH, immediate past-president of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH), on September 19, 2015 outside Seattle. Alan was president of our Society in 2014. He served with distinction, bringing to this elected position his characteristic enthusiasm, optimism, and focus. A noteworthy feature of his ...

The implications of embedded methodologies have been far-reaching and pervasive. After years of compelling research into scatter/gather I/O, we demonstrate the study of multi-processors. Our focus in our research is not on whether IPv4 and information retrieval systems can synchronize to solve this question, but rather on presenting a highly-available tool for controlling Moore’s Law (Ibis).

The question of whether the class of decision problems that can be solved by deterministic polynomial-time algorithms (P ) is equal to the class of decision problems that can be solved by nondeterministic polynomial-time algorithms (NP) has been open since it was first formulated by Cook, Karp, and Levin in 1971. In this paper, we prove that they are not equal by showing that any algorithm that...