The primary and secondary 18O isotope effects for the alkaline (KOH) and enzymatic (phosphotriesterase) hydrolysis of two phosphotriesters, O,O-diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate (I) and O,O-diethyl O-(4-carbamoylphenyl) phosphate (II), are consistent with an associative mechanism with significant changes in bond order to both the phosphoryl and phenolic leaving group oxygens in the transition sta...

Alkaline oxidation pretreatment was developed for spruce, birch and sugar cane bagasse. The reaction was carried out in alkaline water solution under 10 bar oxygen pressure and at mild reaction temperature of 120–140 C. Most of the lignin was solubilised by the alkaline oxidation pretreatment and an easily hydrolysable carbohydrate fraction was obtained. After 72 h hydrolysis with a 10 FPU/g en...

The interactions of Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ions in the activation of non-specific tissue alkaline phosphatase were investigated using crude extracts of rat kidney. Activation of alkaline phosphatase by the metal ions was accompanied by changes in the kinetic parameters of pnitrophenylphosphate hydrolysis. The results suggest some synergistic interactions between Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ions in promoting the h...

Alkaline hydrolysis of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), as one of the most promising methods for nitrocompound remediation, was investigated computationally at the PCM(Pauling)/M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Computational simulation shows that RDX hydrolysis is a highly exothermic multistep process involving initial deprotonation and nitrite elimination, cycle cleavage, fur...

Alkaline hydrolysis has been used in several laboratory studies and field demonstrations for the treatment of energetic compounds (particularly, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), dinitrotoluene (DNT), and hexahydro-1,3,5trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)) in soil. The application of alkaline hydrolysis for treatment of soil involves mixing a caustic source material with soil. Two caustic materials have b...

The preferential cleavage of kynurenine peptides bonds was studied through reduction to y-(oaminophenyl)-homoserine derivatives followed by mild acidic as well as mild alkaline hydrolysis. The reduction of keto group of kynurenine to hydroxy one was achieved by controlled potential electrolysis at —1.05 Volts. In order to understand the mechanism of hydrolysis some model com­ pounds related to ...

Suspensions of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes were prepared from normal human blood by the glass bead column method of Rabinowitz (1964). The alkaline phosphatase activity of the separated cells was determined by biochemical and cytochemical techniques. Lymphocytes were found to contain an enzyme catalysing the hydrolysis of beta-glycerophosphate at alkaline pH but not of p-nitrop...

Following the discovery of Kossel and Weiss (1) that many of the constituent amino acids are racemized when proteins are hydrolyzed by alkali, the use of alkaline hydrolysis in the analysis of proteins has been limited to the determination of amino acids which are unstable in strong acid. There is little information available as to the extent and completeness of hydrolysis as a function of [OH-...